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Obscure but Effective: Classical Chinese Jailbreak Prompt Optimization via Bio-Inspired Search

Xun Huang, Simeng Qin, Xiaoshuang Jia, Ranjie Duan, Huanqian Yan, Zhitao Zeng · Feb 26, 2026

Citations: 0
Red Team Automatic Metrics Multilingual
  • Owing to its conciseness and obscurity, classical Chinese can partially bypass existing safety constraints, exposing notable vulnerabilities in LLMs.
  • To enhance readability and evaluation accuracy, we further design a classical Chinese to English translation module.
Modeling Expert AI Diagnostic Alignment via Immutable Inference Snapshots

Dimitrios P. Panagoulias, Evangelia-Aikaterini Tsichrintzi, Georgios Savvidis, Evridiki Tsoureli-Nikita · Feb 26, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics Medicine
  • Human-in-the-loop validation is essential in safety-critical clinical AI, yet the transition between initial model inference and expert correction is rarely analyzed as a structured signal.
  • Evaluation on 21 dermatological cases (21 complete AI physician pairs) em- ployed a four-level concordance framework comprising exact primary match rate (PMR), semantic similarity-adjusted rate (AMR), cross-category alignment, and…
Citations: 0
Expert Verification Simulation Env Multi Agent Medicine
  • As mental health chatbots proliferate to address the global treatment gap, a critical question emerges: How do we design for relational safety the quality of interaction patterns that unfold across conversations rather than the correctness…
  • We introduce TherapyProbe, a design probe methodology that generates actionable design knowledge by systematically exploring chatbot conversation trajectories through adversarial multi-agent simulation.
MEDSYN: Benchmarking Multi-EviDence SYNthesis in Complex Clinical Cases for Multimodal Large Language Models

Boqi Chen, Xudong Liu, Jiachuan Peng, Marianne Frey-Marti, Bang Zheng, Kyle Lam · Feb 25, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics MedicineCoding
  • Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in medical applications, yet existing benchmarks inadequately capture real-world clinical complexity.
  • We introduce MEDSYN, a multilingual, multimodal benchmark of highly complex clinical cases with up to 7 distinct visual clinical evidence (CE) types per case.
SurGo-R1: Benchmarking and Modeling Contextual Reasoning for Operative Zone in Surgical Video

Guanyi Qin, Xiaozhen Wang, Zhu Zhuo, Chang Han Low, Yuancan Xiao, Yibing Fu · Feb 25, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics MedicineCoding
  • Existing AI systems offer binary safety verification or static detection, ignoring the phase-dependent nature of intraoperative reasoning.
  • We introduce ResGo, a benchmark of laparoscopic frames annotated with Go Zone bounding boxes and clinician-authored rationales covering phase, exposure quality reasoning, next action and risk reminder.
SparkMe: Adaptive Semi-Structured Interviewing for Qualitative Insight Discovery

David Anugraha, Vishakh Padmakumar, Diyi Yang · Feb 24, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics Multi Agent Coding
  • Based on this formulation, we introduce SparkMe, a multi-agent LLM interviewer that performs deliberative planning via simulated conversation rollouts to select questions with high expected utility.
  • The code, datasets, and evaluation protocols for SparkMe are available as open-source at https://github.com/SALT-NLP/SparkMe.
"Are You Sure?": An Empirical Study of Human Perception Vulnerability in LLM-Driven Agentic Systems

Xinfeng Li, Shenyu Dai, Kelong Zheng, Yue Xiao, Gelei Deng, Wei Dong · Feb 24, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics General
  • Large language model (LLM) agents are rapidly becoming trusted copilots in high-stakes domains like software development and healthcare.
  • However, this deepening trust introduces a novel attack surface: Agent-Mediated Deception (AMD), where compromised agents are weaponized against their human users.
An Expert Schema for Evaluating Large Language Model Errors in Scholarly Question-Answering Systems

Anna Martin-Boyle, William Humphreys, Martha Brown, Cara Leckey, Harmanpreet Kaur · Feb 24, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics General
  • Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize efficiency and scalability, but lack contextual nuance and fail to reflect how scientific domain experts assess LLM outputs in…
  • We validated this schema through contextual inquiries with 10 additional scientists, which showed not only which errors experts naturally identify but also how structured evaluation schemas can help them detect previously overlooked issues.
An artificial intelligence framework for end-to-end rare disease phenotyping from clinical notes using large language models

Cathy Shyr, Yan Hu, Rory J. Tinker, Thomas A. Cassini, Kevin W. Byram, Rizwan Hamid · Feb 23, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics Medicine
  • Existing artificial intelligence approaches typically optimize individual components of phenotyping but do not operationalize the full clinical workflow of extracting features from clinical text, standardizing them to Human Phenotype…
  • Using clinician-curated HPO terms as the gold standard, RARE-PHENIX consistently outperformed a state-of-the-art deep learning baseline (PhenoBERT) across ontology-based similarity and precision-recall-F1 metrics in end-to-end evaluation…
SAMAS: A Spectrum-Guided Multi-Agent System for Achieving Style Fidelity in Literary Translation

Jingzhuo Wu, Jiajun Zhang, Keyan Jin, Dehua Ma, Junbo Wang · Feb 23, 2026

Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Multi Agent Multilingual
  • To address this, we introduce the Style-Adaptive Multi-Agent System (SAMAS), a novel framework that treats style preservation as a signal processing task.
  • Extensive experiments on translation benchmarks show that SAMAS achieves competitive semantic accuracy against strong baselines, primarily by leveraging its statistically significant advantage in style fidelity.
CUICurate: A GraphRAG-based Framework for Automated Clinical Concept Curation for NLP applications

Victoria Blake, Mathew Miller, Jamie Novak, Sze-yuan Ooi, Blanca Gallego · Feb 20, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics Medicine
  • The framework was evaluated on five lexically heterogeneous clinical concepts against a manually curated benchmark and gold-standard concept sets.
  • Results Across all concepts, CUICurate produced substantially larger and more complete concept sets than the manual benchmarks whilst matching human precision.
What Makes a Good Doctor Response? An Analysis on a Romanian Telemedicine Platform

Adrian Cosma, Cosmin Dumitrache, Emilian Radoi · Feb 19, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics Medicine
  • As platforms increasingly rely on patient ratings and feedback, clinicians face growing pressure to maintain satisfaction scores, even though these evaluations often reflect communication quality more than clinical accuracy.
IndicJR: A Judge-Free Benchmark of Jailbreak Robustness in South Asian Languages

Priyaranjan Pattnayak, Sanchari Chowdhuri · Feb 18, 2026

Citations: 0
Red Team CodingMultilingual
  • Safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) is mostly evaluated in English and contract-bound, leaving multilingual vulnerabilities understudied.
  • We introduce Indic Jailbreak Robustness (IJR), a judge-free benchmark for adversarial safety across 12 Indic and South Asian languages (2.1 Billion speakers), covering 45216 prompts in JSON (contract-bound) and Free (naturalistic) tracks.
Team of Thoughts: Efficient Test-time Scaling of Agentic Systems through Orchestrated Tool Calling

Jeffrey T. H. Wong, Zixi Zhang, Junyi Liu, Yiren Zhao · Feb 18, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Multi Agent Coding
  • Existing Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) typically rely on static, homogeneous model configurations, limiting their ability to exploit the distinct strengths of differently post-trained models.
  • To address this, we introduce Team-of-Thoughts, a novel MAS architecture that leverages the complementary capabilities of heterogeneous agents via an orchestrator-tool paradigm.
Helpful to a Fault: Measuring Illicit Assistance in Multi-Turn, Multilingual LLM Agents

Nivya Talokar, Ayush K Tarun, Murari Mandal, Maksym Andriushchenko, Antoine Bosselut · Feb 18, 2026

Citations: 0
Red Team LawMultilingual
  • LLM-based agents execute real-world workflows via tools and memory.
  • We introduce STING (Sequential Testing of Illicit N-step Goal execution), an automated red-teaming framework that constructs a step-by-step illicit plan grounded in a benign persona and iteratively probes a target agent with adaptive…

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