- PubMed Reasoner: Dynamic Reasoning-based Retrieval for Evidence-Grounded Biomedical Question Answering
Yiqing Zhang, Xiaozhong Liu, Fabricio Murai · Mar 28, 2026 · Citations: 0
Expert Verification Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
In this context, we introduce PubMed Reasoner, a biomedical QA agent composed of three stages: self-critic query refinement evaluates MeSH terms for coverage, alignment, and redundancy to enhance PubMed queries based on partial (metadata)…
- Don't Pass@k: A Bayesian Framework for Large Language Model Evaluation
Mohsen Hariri, Amirhossein Samandar, Michael Hinczewski, Vipin Chaudhary · Oct 5, 2025 · Citations: 0
Rubric Rating Automatic MetricsSimulation Env
We present a principled Bayesian evaluation framework that replaces Pass@k and average accuracy over N trials (avg@N) with posterior estimates of a model's underlying success probability and credible intervals, yielding stable rankings and…
- Elo-Evolve: A Co-evolutionary Framework for Language Model Alignment
Jing Zhao, Ting Zhen, Junwei Bao, Hongfei Jiang, Yang Song · Feb 14, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
Current alignment methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on compressing vast amounts of human preference data into static, absolute reward functions, leading to data scarcity, noise sensitivity, and training instability.
- $V_1$: Unifying Generation and Self-Verification for Parallel Reasoners
Harman Singh, Xiuyu Li, Kusha Sareen, Monishwaran Maheswaran, Sijun Tan · Mar 4, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
On code generation (LiveCodeBench, CodeContests, SWE-Bench) and math reasoning (AIME, HMMT) benchmarks, V_1-Infer improves Pass@1 by up to 10% over pointwise verification and outperforms recent test-time scaling methods while being…
- How Reliable is Language Model Micro-Benchmarking?
Gregory Yauney, Shahzaib Saqib Warraich, Swabha Swayamdipta · Oct 9, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
We introduce a meta-evaluation measure for micro-benchmarking which investigates how well a micro-benchmark can rank two models as a function of their performance difference on the full benchmark.
- Think$^{2}$: Grounded Metacognitive Reasoning in Large Language Models
Abraham Paul Elenjical, Vivek Hruday Kavuri, Vasudeva Varma · Feb 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Human Eval
We introduce a psychologically grounded metacognitive framework that operationalizes Ann Brown's regulatory cycle (Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation) as a structured prompting architecture, and study its integration within a lightweight…
- DSPA: Dynamic SAE Steering for Data-Efficient Preference Alignment
James Wedgwood, Aashiq Muhamed, Mona T. Diab, Virginia Smith · Mar 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
Preference alignment is usually achieved by weight-updating training on preference data, which adds substantial alignment-stage compute and provides limited mechanistic visibility.
- GIFT: Group-Relative Implicit Fine-Tuning Integrates GRPO with DPO and UNA
Zhichao Wang · Oct 27, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
This paper proposes Group-relative Implicit Fine-Tuning (GIFT), a reinforcement learning framework for aligning large language models (LLMs) that unifies on-policy optimization with implicit preference learning.
- Critique-GRPO: Advancing LLM Reasoning with Natural Language and Numerical Feedback
Xiaoying Zhang, Yipeng Zhang, Hao Sun, Kaituo Feng, Chaochao Lu · Jun 3, 2025 · Citations: 0
Critique Edit Automatic Metrics
We show that plateaued RL models can successfully refine failed solutions when given natural language critiques.
- Learning When to Sample: Confidence-Aware Self-Consistency for Efficient LLM Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
Juming Xiong, Kevin Guo, Congning Ni, Chao Yan, Katherine Brown · Mar 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Recent self-consistency-based approaches further improve accuracy but require sampling and aggregating multiple reasoning trajectories, leading to substantial additional computational overhead.
- D-COT: Disciplined Chain-of-Thought Learning for Efficient Reasoning in Small Language Models
Shunsuke Ubukata · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
In this study, we propose Disciplined Chain-of-Thought (D-CoT), a novel framework that enforces a structured reasoning process using control tags -- such as <TEMP_LOW> for fact-checking and <TEMP_HIGH> for multi-perspective exploration --…
- PIKA: Expert-Level Synthetic Datasets for Post-Training Alignment from Scratch
Shangjian Yin, Shining Liang, Wenbiao Ding, Yuli Qian, Zhouxing Shi · Oct 8, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
Despite its small size, fine-tuning Llama-3-8B-Base on PiKa-SFT even outperforms the official Llama-3-8B-Instruct model trained on over 10M proprietary examples on widely used benchmarks such as AlpacaEval 2.0 and Arena-Hard.
- Revisiting Self-Play Preference Optimization: On the Role of Prompt Difficulty
Yao Xiao, Jung-jae Kim, Roy Ka-wei Lee, Lidong Bing · Oct 7, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
Self-play preference optimization has emerged as a prominent paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs).
- DeepPrune: Parallel Scaling without Inter-trace Redundancy
Shangqing Tu, Yaxuan Li, Yushi Bai, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li · Oct 9, 2025 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Our method features a specialized judge model trained with out-of-distribution data (AIME 2022, AIME 2023, and MATH 500) using oversampling techniques to accurately predict answer equivalence from partial reasoning traces, achieving 0.7072…
- Confidence-Driven Multi-Scale Model Selection for Cost-Efficient Inference
Bo-Wei Chen, Chung-Chi Chen, An-Zi Yen · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Experiments on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark show that our approach achieves accuracy comparable to the largest model while reducing computational costs by 20\% to 40\%.
- TARo: Token-level Adaptive Routing for LLM Test-time Alignment
Arushi Rai, Qiang Zhang, Hanqing Zeng, Yunkai Zhang, Dipesh Tamboli · Mar 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
Recent test-time alignment methods offer a lightweight alternative, but have been explored mainly for preference alignment rather than reasoning.
- Inducing Epistemological Humility in Large Language Models: A Targeted SFT Approach to Reducing Hallucination
Cem Uluoglakci, Tugba Taskaya Temizel · Mar 18, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
We also release HypoTermQA-Enhanced, a benchmark for hallucination tendency strengthened through multiple validations.
- Long Grounded Thoughts: Synthesizing Visual Problems and Reasoning Chains at Scale
David Acuna, Chao-Han Huck Yang, Yuntian Deng, Jaehun Jung, Ximing Lu · Nov 7, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
We introduce a framework able to synthesize vision-centric problems spanning diverse levels of complexity, and the resulting dataset with over 1M high-quality problems including: reasoning traces, preference data, and instruction prompts…
- Alignment through Meta-Weighted Online Sampling: Bridging the Gap between Data Generation and Preference Optimization
Junming Yang, Ning Xu, Biao Liu, Shiqi Qiao, Xin Geng · Sep 27, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
To bridge this gap, we propose Meta-Weighted Adaptive Preference Optimization (MetaAPO), a novel framework that dynamically couples data generation with model training.
- Towards Bridging the Reward-Generation Gap in Direct Alignment Algorithms
Zeguan Xiao, Yun Chen, Guanhua Chen, Ke Tang · Jun 11, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
Direct Alignment Algorithms (DAAs), such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and Simple Preference Optimization (SimPO), have emerged as efficient alternatives to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) algorithms for aligning…
- Modeling LLM Unlearning as an Asymmetric Two-Task Learning Problem
Zeguan Xiao, Siqing Li, Yong Wang, Xuetao Wei, Jian Yang · Apr 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
- C2: Scalable Rubric-Augmented Reward Modeling from Binary Preferences
Akira Kawabata, Saku Sugawara · Apr 15, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking
Solomon Messing · Apr 13, 2026 · Citations: 0
- SUPERNOVA: Eliciting General Reasoning in LLMs with Reinforcement Learning on Natural Instructions
Ashima Suvarna, Kendrick Phan, Mehrab Beikzadeh, Hritik Bansal, Saadia Gabriel · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Dead Weights, Live Signals: Feedforward Graphs of Frozen Language Models
Marcus Armstrong, Navid Ayoobi, Arjun Mukherjee · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Activation Steering for Aligned Open-ended Generation without Sacrificing Coherence
Niklas Herbster, Martin Zborowski, Alberto Tosato, Gauthier Gidel, Tommaso Tosato · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Sensitivity-Positional Co-Localization in GQA Transformers
Manoj Chandrashekar Rao · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Symbiotic-MoE: Unlocking the Synergy between Generation and Understanding
Xiangyue Liu, Zijian Zhang, Miles Yang, Zhao Zhong, Liefeng Bo · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Mitigating Distribution Sharpening in Math RLVR via Distribution-Aligned Hint Synthesis and Backward Hint Annealing
Pei-Xi Xie, Che-Yu Lin, Cheng-Lin Yang · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Squeeze Evolve: Unified Multi-Model Orchestration for Verifier-Free Evolution
Monishwaran Maheswaran, Leon Lakhani, Zhongzhu Zhou, Shijia Yang, Junxiong Wang · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Cross-Model Disagreement as a Label-Free Correctness Signal
Matt Gorbett, Suman Jana · Mar 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Efficient Detection of Bad Benchmark Items with Novel Scalability Coefficients
Michael Hardy, Joshua Gilbert, Benjamin Domingue · Mar 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
- SortedRL: Accelerating RL Training for LLMs through Online Length-Aware Scheduling
Yiqi Zhang, Huiqiang Jiang, Xufang Luo, Zhihe Yang, Chengruidong Zhang · Mar 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Lie to Me: How Faithful Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Reasoning Models?
Richard J. Young · Mar 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Mediocrity is the key for LLM as a Judge Anchor Selection
Shachar Don-Yehiya, Asaf Yehudai, Leshem Choshen, Omri Abend · Mar 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Are Large Language Models Truly Smarter Than Humans?
Eshwar Reddy M, Sourav Karmakar · Mar 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
- TERMINATOR: Learning Optimal Exit Points for Early Stopping in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
Alliot Nagle, Jakhongir Saydaliev, Dhia Garbaya, Michael Gastpar, Ashok Vardhan Makkuva · Mar 13, 2026 · Citations: 0
- NeuroLoRA: Context-Aware Neuromodulation for Parameter-Efficient Multi-Task Adaptation
Yuxin Yang, Haoran Zhang, Mingxuan Li, Jiachen Xu, Ruoxi Shen · Mar 12, 2026 · Citations: 0
- PostTrainBench: Can LLM Agents Automate LLM Post-Training?
Ben Rank, Hardik Bhatnagar, Ameya Prabhu, Shira Eisenberg, Karina Nguyen · Mar 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- In-Context Environments Induce Evaluation-Awareness in Language Models
Maheep Chaudhary · Mar 4, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Tool Verification for Test-Time Reinforcement Learning
Ruotong Liao, Nikolai Röhrich, Xiaohan Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Yasaman Samadzadeh · Mar 2, 2026 · Citations: 0
- CHIMERA: Compact Synthetic Data for Generalizable LLM Reasoning
Xinyu Zhu, Yihao Feng, Yanchao Sun, Xianzhi Du, Pingzhi Li · Mar 1, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Sparks of Cooperative Reasoning: LLMs as Strategic Hanabi Agents
Mahesh Ramesh, Kaousheik Jayakumar, Aswinkumar Ramkumar, Pavan Thodima, Aniket Rege · Jan 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
- LLMOrbit: A Circular Taxonomy of Large Language Models -From Scaling Walls to Agentic AI Systems
Badri N. Patro, Vijay S. Agneeswaran · Jan 20, 2026 · Citations: 0
- TRIM: Hybrid Inference via Targeted Stepwise Routing in Multi-Step Reasoning Tasks
Vansh Kapoor, Aman Gupta, Hao Chen, Anurag Beniwal, Jing Huang · Jan 15, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Towards Self-Evolving Benchmarks: Synthesizing Agent Trajectories via Test-Time Exploration under Validate-by-Reproduce Paradigm
Dadi Guo, Tianyi Zhou, Dongrui Liu, Chen Qian, Qihan Ren · Oct 1, 2025 · Citations: 0
- MobileLLM-R1: Exploring the Limits of Sub-Billion Language Model Reasoners with Open Training Recipes
Changsheng Zhao, Ernie Chang, Zechun Liu, Chia-Jung Chang, Wei Wen · Sep 29, 2025 · Citations: 0
- Latent Self-Consistency for Reliable Majority-Set Selection in Short- and Long-Answer Reasoning
Jungsuk Oh, Jay-Yoon Lee · Aug 25, 2025 · Citations: 0