- Skill or Skip? Learning Selective Skill Invocation in Agentic Tasks via Dual-Granularity Preference Learning
Chishui Chen, Jiaye Lin, Te Sun, Yi Yang, Junxi Wang · May 30, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Simulation Env
Agent skills are callable procedural modules that provide reusable knowledge and execution policies for complex agentic tasks.
- When Self-Consistency Backfires: Majority Vote Hurts the Majority of Hard Science Problems for Small LLMs
Utkarsh Bahuguna · Aug 11, 2026 · Citations: 0
Demonstrations Automatic Metrics
On the full GPQA Diamond benchmark (198 graduate-level science questions), majority voting reduces per-problem accuracy on a majority of problems for two instruction-tuned models from different families: 56.6% of problems for Qwen2.5-7B and…
- Breaking MCP with Function Hijacking Attacks: Novel Threats for Function Calling and Agentic Models
Yannis Belkhiter, Giulio Zizzo, Sergio Maffeis, Seshu Tirupathi, John D. Kelleher · Apr 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise PreferenceRed Team Automatic Metrics
The growth of agentic AI has drawn significant attention to function calling Large Language Models (LLMs), which are designed to extend the capabilities of AI-powered system by invoking external functions.
- Decomposing Wrong-Consensus Agreement in LLM Self-Consistency
Lizhuo Zhang, Mengmeng Tang, Chenfeng Long, Xiaoyong Tang, Xiang Luo · Aug 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
The mechanical reference is leak-free: each case's preference and accuracy are estimated from its other runs only.
- Beyond Single-Turn Confidence: Trajectory-Adapted Uncertainty Quantification for LLM Agents
Dylan Bouchard, Mohit Singh Chauhan · Aug 12, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
For LLM agents, however, the unit of observation is an interactive trajectory, where the model can ask clarifying questions, call tools, update state, and make intermediate decisions whose errors propagate to the final outcome.
- Brief Is Better: Non-Monotonic Chain-of-Thought Budget Effects in Function-Calling Language Agents
Xuan Qi · Apr 2, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is widely assumed to improve agent performance, but the relationship between reasoning length and accuracy in structured tool-use settings remains poorly understood.
- Top-b: Entropic Regulation of Relative Probability Bands in Autoregressive Language Processes
Deepon Halder, Raj Dabre · Mar 15, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Empirical validation on GPQA and GSM8K benchmarks indicates that Top-b significantly reduces generation entropy and inter-decoding variance while maintaining competitive reasoning accuracy, effectively approximating a self-regulating…
- D-COT: Disciplined Chain-of-Thought Learning for Efficient Reasoning in Small Language Models
Shunsuke Ubukata · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
In this study, we propose Disciplined Chain-of-Thought (D-CoT), a novel framework that enforces a structured reasoning process using control tags -- such as <TEMP_LOW> for fact-checking and <TEMP_HIGH> for multi-perspective exploration --…
- Accelerated Test-Time Scaling with Model-Free Speculative Sampling
Woomin Song, Saket Dingliwal, Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi, Bhavana Ganesh, Jinwoo Shin · Jun 5, 2025 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Extensive evaluations across multiple models and reasoning tasks (AIME-2024, GPQA-Diamond, and LiveCodeBench) demonstrate that STAND reduces inference latency by 60-65% compared to standard autoregressive decoding while maintaining…
- DeepPrune: Parallel Scaling without Inter-trace Redundancy
Shangqing Tu, Yaxuan Li, Yushi Bai, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li · Oct 9, 2025 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Our method features a specialized judge model trained with out-of-distribution data (AIME 2022, AIME 2023, and MATH 500) using oversampling techniques to accurately predict answer equivalence from partial reasoning traces, achieving 0.7072…
- SkillX: Automatically Constructing Skill Knowledge Bases for Agents
Chenxi Wang, Zhuoyun Yu, Xin Xie, Wuguannan Yao, Runnan Fang · Apr 6, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Learning from experience is critical for building capable large language model (LLM) agents, yet prevailing self-evolving paradigms remain inefficient: agents learn in isolation, repeatedly rediscover similar behaviors from limited…
- The Bitter Lesson of Diffusion Language Models for Agentic Workflows: A Comprehensive Reality Check
Qingyu Lu, Liang Ding, Kanjian Zhang, Jinxia Zhang, Dacheng Tao · Jan 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of dLLMs (e.g., LLaDA, Dream) across two distinct agentic paradigms: Embodied Agents (requiring long-horizon planning) and Tool-Calling Agents (requiring precise formatting).
- SIGMA: Search-Augmented On-Demand Knowledge Integration for Agentic Mathematical Reasoning
Ali Asgarov, Umid Suleymanov, Aadyant Khatri · Oct 31, 2025 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We introduce SIGMA (Search-Augmented On-Demand Knowledge Integration for AGentic Mathematical reAsoning), a unified framework that orchestrates specialized agents to independently reason, perform targeted searches, and synthesize findings…
- Failure Makes the Agent Stronger: Enhancing Accuracy through Structured Reflection for Reliable Tool Interactions
Junhao Su, Yuanliang Wan, Junwei Yang, Hengyu Shi, Tianyang Han · Sep 23, 2025 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
The agent produces a short yet precise reflection: it diagnoses the failure using evidence from the previous step and then proposes a correct, executable follow-up call.
- Schema for In-Context Learning
Pan Chen, Shaohong Chen, Mark Wang, Shi Xuan Leong, Priscilla Fung · Oct 14, 2025 · Citations: 0
Demonstrations
Inspired by cognitive science, specifically schema theory, which holds that humans interpret new information by activating pre-existing mental frameworks (schemas) to structure understanding, we introduce Schema-Activated In-Context…
- Routed Graph Handoff: Adaptive Format Selection for Multi-Agent LLM Delegation
Pratyay Banerjee, Ankit Chadha · Aug 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Notation Matters: A Benchmark Study of Token-Optimized Formats in Agentic AI Systems
Lorenz Kutschka, Bernhard Geiger · May 28, 2026 · Citations: 0
- ACC: Compiling Agent Trajectories for Long-Context Training
Qisheng Su, Zhen Fang, Shiting Huang, Yu Zeng, Yiming Zhao · May 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
- LamPO: A Lambda Style Policy Optimization for Reasoning Language Models
Zhe Yuan, Yipeng Zhou, Jinghan Li, Xinyuan Chen, Bowen Deng · May 20, 2026 · Citations: 0
- HINT-SD: Targeted Hindsight Self-Distillation for Long-Horizon Agents
Woongyeng Yeo, Yumin Choi, Taekyung Ki, Sung Ju Hwang · May 18, 2026 · Citations: 0
- TIER: Trajectory-Invariant Execution Rewards for Multi-Step Tool Composition
Anay Kulkarni, ChiaEn Lu, Dheeraj Mekala, Jayanth Srinivasa, Gaowen Liu · May 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
- FocuSFT: Bilevel Optimization for Dilution-Aware Long-Context Fine-Tuning
Zehua Pei, Hui-Ling Zhen, Xianzhi Yu, Sinno Jialin Pan, Mingxuan Yuan · May 11, 2026 · Citations: 0
- The Metacognitive Probe: Five Behavioural Calibration Diagnostics for LLMs
Rafael C. T. Oliveira · May 11, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Rubric-Grounded RL: Structured Judge Rewards for Generalizable Reasoning
Manish Bhattarai, Ismael Boureima, Nishath Rajiv Ranasinghe, Scott Pakin, Dan O'Malley · May 8, 2026 · Citations: 0
- RVPO: Risk-Sensitive Alignment via Variance Regularization
Ivan Montero, Tomasz Jurczyk, Bhuwan Dhingra · May 7, 2026 · Citations: 0
- RAG over Thinking Traces Can Improve Reasoning Tasks
Negar Arabzadeh, Wenjie Ma, Sewon Min, Matei Zaharia · May 5, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Learning to Communicate: Toward End-to-End Optimization of Multi-Agent Language Systems
Ye Yu, Heming Liu, Haibo Jin, Xiaopeng Yuan, Peng Kuang · Apr 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Process Supervision via Verbal Critique Improves Reasoning in Large Language Models
Hao-Yuan Chen · Apr 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
- TRACES: Tagging Reasoning Steps for Adaptive Cost-Efficient Early-Stopping
Yannis Belkhiter, Seshu Tirupathi, Giulio Zizzo, John D. Kelleher · Apr 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
- CoEvolve: Training LLM Agents via Agent-Data Mutual Evolution
Shidong Yang, Ziyu Ma, Tongwen Huang, Yiming Hu, Yong Wang · Apr 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Awakening the Sleeping Agent: Lean-Specific Agentic Data Reactivates General Tool Use in Goedel Prover
Jui-Hui Chung, Hongzhou Lin, Lai Jiang, Shange Tang, Chi Jin · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Sensitivity-Positional Co-Localization in GQA Transformers
Manoj Chandrashekar Rao · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Squeeze Evolve: Unified Multi-Model Orchestration for Verifier-Free Evolution
Monishwaran Maheswaran, Leon Lakhani, Zhongzhu Zhou, Shijia Yang, Junxiong Wang · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Off-Policy Value-Based Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
Peng-Yuan Wang, Ziniu Li, Tian Xu, Bohan Yang, Tian-Shuo Liu · Mar 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Lie to Me: How Faithful Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Reasoning Models?
Richard J. Young · Mar 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
- TERMINATOR: Learning Optimal Exit Points for Early Stopping in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
Alliot Nagle, Jakhongir Saydaliev, Dhia Garbaya, Michael Gastpar, Ashok Vardhan Makkuva · Mar 13, 2026 · Citations: 0
- PostTrainBench: Can LLM Agents Automate LLM Post-Training?
Ben Rank, Hardik Bhatnagar, Ameya Prabhu, Shira Eisenberg, Karina Nguyen · Mar 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- CHIMERA: Compact Synthetic Data for Generalizable LLM Reasoning
Xinyu Zhu, Yihao Feng, Yanchao Sun, Xianzhi Du, Pingzhi Li · Mar 1, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Data Repetition Beats Data Scaling in Long-CoT Supervised Fine-Tuning
Dawid J. Kopiczko, Sagar Vaze, Tijmen Blankevoort, Yuki M. Asano · Feb 11, 2026 · Citations: 0
- LLM Compression by Block Removal with Constrained Binary Optimization
David Jansen, Roman Rausch, Ali Hashemi, David Montero, Román Orús · Jan 29, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Beyond Max Tokens: Stealthy Resource Amplification via Tool Calling Chains in LLM Agents
Kaiyu Zhou, Yongsen Zheng, Yicheng He, Meng Xue, Xueluan Gong · Jan 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Remember Me, Refine Me: A Dynamic Procedural Memory Framework for Experience-Driven Agent Evolution
Zouying Cao, Jiaji Deng, Li Yu, Weikang Zhou, Zhaoyang Liu · Dec 11, 2025 · Citations: 0
- Top-H Decoding: Adapting the Creativity and Coherence with Bounded Entropy in Text Generation
Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo, Seyedarmin Azizi, Souvik Kundu, Massoud Pedram · Sep 2, 2025 · Citations: 0