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Policy-adherent tool-calling agents in customer-service domains must maintain task states across turns while calling tools and obeying domain policies.
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in personally and societally consequential settings, yet the visual cues that shape how these models judge people remain poorly understood.
To align a Large Language Model (LLM), most existing methods collect explicit human feedback and train a reward model to predict the human preference based on the response text.
While LLMs represent a scalable solution for assisting humans in the generation of counterspeech for both threats, zero-shot models frequently generate repetitive and vague responses, underscoring the need for high-quality examples to steer…
PsyScore comprises three key modules: a Trait-Adaptive Neural IRT Scorer that incorporates the Graded Partial Credit Model (GPCM) into a neural architecture, enabling the precise estimation of student ability while maintaining psychometric…
We introduce the Meaning Intelligence Framework (MIF), a nine-dimension annotation and evaluation schema for Nigerian public discourse that separates surface sentiment from true communicative intent.
Psychological instruments designed for humans are increasingly used to assign large language models (LLMs) stable psychological profiles that affect their usability, safety assessment, and use as proxies for human participants in research.
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Recent reasoning-focused language models such as DeepSeek R1 and OpenAI o1 have demonstrated strong performance on structured reasoning benchmarks including GSM8K, MATH, and multi-hop question answering tasks.
To address this limitation, we introduce Retrieval-Augmented Self-Supervised Prompt Refinement (RASPRef), a framework that improves prompts without requiring human annotations or task-specific supervision.
We validate across 22 experiments, 5 benchmarks, 4 model families, and 3 model scales (3B-14B), with Jaccard, embedding, and NLI-based baselines at three DeBERTa scales (all ~0.51 AUROC).
We further demonstrate that constructing DPO preference pairs from NSRSA verification teaches the model to distinguish sound from flawed reasoning (reward accuracy 46% to 63%).
We systematically diagnose this "modality gap" by evaluating seven MLLMs across seven benchmarks in five input modes, spanning both synthetically rendered text and realistic document images from arXiv PDFs to Wikipedia pages.
Motivated by these findings, we propose a self-distillation method that trains the model on its own pure text reasoning traces paired with image inputs, raising image-mode accuracy on GSM8K from 30.71% to 92.72% and transferring to unseen…
On the SlimOrca benchmark, CeRA breaks this linear barrier: at rank 64 (PPL 3.89), it outperforms LoRA at rank 512 (PPL 3.90), demonstrating superior spectral efficiency.
In this work, we propose "Pyramid MoA", a hierarchical Mixture-of-Agents architecture that uses a lightweight Router to dynamically escalate queries only when necessary.
On the GSM8K benchmark, our system achieves 93.0% accuracy, effectively matching the Oracle baseline (98.0%) while reducing compute costs by 61%.
We introduce a psychologically grounded metacognitive framework that operationalizes Ann Brown's regulatory cycle (Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation) as a structured prompting architecture, and study its integration within a lightweight…
Blinded human evaluations over 580 query pairs show an 84% aggregate preference for trustworthiness and metacognitive self-awareness over standard and Chain-of-Thought baselines.
Applied to LLaMA-2-7B, SPQ achieves up to 75% memory reduction while maintaining or improving perplexity (e.g., WikiText-2 5.47 to 4.91) and preserving accuracy on downstream benchmarks such as C4, TruthfulQA, and GSM8K.
Among discrete diffusion approaches, Masked diffusion currently dominates, largely driven by strong perplexity on language modeling benchmarks.
Scaling all methods to 1.7B parameters, we show that uniform-state diffusion remains competitive on likelihood-based benchmarks and outperforms autoregressive and Masked diffusion models on GSM8K, despite worse validation perplexity.
Using controlled contamination experiments on GSM8K, HumanEval, and MATH, we find that CDD's effectiveness depends critically on whether fine-tuning produces verbatim memorization.
EngGPT2 is trained on 2.5 trillion tokens - less than Qwen3's 36T or Llama3's 15T - and delivers performance on key benchmarks, including MMLU-Pro, GSM8K, IFEval and HumanEval, comparable to dense models in the 8B-16B range, while requiring…
We evaluate our approach on four benchmarks with diverse tasks -- GSM8K (reasoning), HumanEval (code generation), IfEval (instruction following), and LongFormQA (question answering) -- revealing massive efficiency gains at minimal…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in safety and security critical applications, raising concerns about their robustness to model parameter fault injection attacks.
We evaluate TFL on multiple LLMs (Qwen, DeepSeek, Llama) and benchmarks (DROP, GSM8K, and TriviaQA).
Empirical validation on GPQA and GSM8K benchmarks indicates that Top-b significantly reduces generation entropy and inter-decoding variance while maintaining competitive reasoning accuracy, effectively approximating a self-regulating…
