- PubMed Reasoner: Dynamic Reasoning-based Retrieval for Evidence-Grounded Biomedical Question Answering
Yiqing Zhang, Xiaozhong Liu, Fabricio Murai · Mar 28, 2026 · Citations: 0
Expert Verification Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
In this context, we introduce PubMed Reasoner, a biomedical QA agent composed of three stages: self-critic query refinement evaluates MeSH terms for coverage, alignment, and redundancy to enhance PubMed queries based on partial (metadata)…
- Document Reconstruction Unlocks Scalable Long-Context RLVR
Yao Xiao, Lei Wang, Yue Deng, Guanzheng Chen, Ziqi Jin · Feb 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
Rubric Rating Automatic Metrics
However, it often relies on gold-standard answers or explicit evaluation rubrics provided by powerful teacher models or human experts, which are costly and time-consuming.
- How Reliable is Language Model Micro-Benchmarking?
Gregory Yauney, Shahzaib Saqib Warraich, Swabha Swayamdipta · Oct 9, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
We introduce a meta-evaluation measure for micro-benchmarking which investigates how well a micro-benchmark can rank two models as a function of their performance difference on the full benchmark.
- Entropy trajectory shape predicts LLM reasoning reliability: A diagnostic study of uncertainty dynamics in chain-of-thought
Xinghao Zhao · Mar 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves LLM accuracy, yet detecting failures cheaply remains elusive.
- RASPRef: Retrieval-Augmented Self-Supervised Prompt Refinement for Large Reasoning Models
Rahul Soni · Mar 27, 2026 · Citations: 0
Critique Edit
Recent reasoning-focused language models such as DeepSeek R1 and OpenAI o1 have demonstrated strong performance on structured reasoning benchmarks including GSM8K, MATH, and multi-hop question answering tasks.
- Think$^{2}$: Grounded Metacognitive Reasoning in Large Language Models
Abraham Paul Elenjical, Vivek Hruday Kavuri, Vasudeva Varma · Feb 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Human Eval
We introduce a psychologically grounded metacognitive framework that operationalizes Ann Brown's regulatory cycle (Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation) as a structured prompting architecture, and study its integration within a lightweight…
- Stabilizing Iterative Self-Training with Verified Reasoning via Symbolic Recursive Self-Alignment
Xinyu Zhang · Mar 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
We further demonstrate that constructing DPO preference pairs from NSRSA verification teaches the model to distinguish sound from flawed reasoning (reward accuracy 46% to 63%).
- GIFT: Group-Relative Implicit Fine-Tuning Integrates GRPO with DPO and UNA
Zhichao Wang · Oct 27, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
This paper proposes Group-relative Implicit Fine-Tuning (GIFT), a reinforcement learning framework for aligning large language models (LLMs) that unifies on-policy optimization with implicit preference learning.
- FOR-Prompting: From Objection to Revision via an Asymmetric Prompting Protocol
He Zhang, Anzhou Zhang, Jian Dai · Oct 2, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise PreferenceCritique Edit Automatic Metrics
Beyond structured math tasks, FOR-Prompting supports refinement in open-ended and multi-stage tasks: qualitative analysis shows improved exploration, coverage, and specificity, and a blind study of human preferences found that participants…
- Don't Overthink It: Inter-Rollout Action Agreement as a Free Adaptive-Compute Signal for LLM Agents
Khushal Sethi · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We introduce TrACE (Trajectorical Adaptive Compute via agrEement), a training-free controller that allocates LLM calls adaptively across agent timesteps by measuring inter-rollout action agreement.
- S0 Tuning: Zero-Overhead Adaptation of Hybrid Recurrent-Attention Models
Jack Young · Apr 1, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Using roughly 48 execution-verified HumanEval training solutions, tuning a single initial state matrix per recurrent layer, with zero inference overhead, outperforms LoRA by +10.8 pp (p < 0.001) on HumanEval.
- Top-b: Entropic Regulation of Relative Probability Bands in Autoregressive Language Processes
Deepon Halder, Raj Dabre · Mar 15, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Empirical validation on GPQA and GSM8K benchmarks indicates that Top-b significantly reduces generation entropy and inter-decoding variance while maintaining competitive reasoning accuracy, effectively approximating a self-regulating…
- Learning When to Sample: Confidence-Aware Self-Consistency for Efficient LLM Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
Juming Xiong, Kevin Guo, Congning Ni, Chao Yan, Katherine Brown · Mar 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Recent self-consistency-based approaches further improve accuracy but require sampling and aggregating multiple reasoning trajectories, leading to substantial additional computational overhead.
- D-COT: Disciplined Chain-of-Thought Learning for Efficient Reasoning in Small Language Models
Shunsuke Ubukata · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
In this study, we propose Disciplined Chain-of-Thought (D-CoT), a novel framework that enforces a structured reasoning process using control tags -- such as <TEMP_LOW> for fact-checking and <TEMP_HIGH> for multi-perspective exploration --…
- The Flexibility Trap: Why Arbitrary Order Limits Reasoning Potential in Diffusion Language Models
Zanlin Ni, Shenzhi Wang, Yang Yue, Tianyu Yu, Weilin Zhao · Jan 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We demonstrate that effective reasoning can be better elicited by intentionally forgoing arbitrary order and applying standard Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) instead.
- Cache What Lasts: Token Retention for Memory-Bounded KV Cache in LLMs
Ngoc Bui, Shubham Sharma, Simran Lamba, Saumitra Mishra, Rex Ying · Dec 3, 2025 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Across mathematical reasoning (GSM8K, MATH-500, AIME24), procedural generation (LongProc), conversational long-memory benchmarks (LongMemEval), and long-context understanding (LongBenchV2 and SCBench), TRIM-KV consistently outperforms…
- SPARE: Single-Pass Annotation with Reference-Guided Evaluation for Automatic Process Supervision and Reward Modelling
Md Imbesat Hassan Rizvi, Xiaodan Zhu, Iryna Gurevych · Jun 18, 2025 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
To address this, we introduce Single-Pass Annotation with Reference-Guided Evaluation (SPARE), a novel structured framework that enables efficient per-step annotation by jointly aligning solution steps to reference solutions and determine…
- Confidence-Driven Multi-Scale Model Selection for Cost-Efficient Inference
Bo-Wei Chen, Chung-Chi Chen, An-Zi Yen · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Experiments on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark show that our approach achieves accuracy comparable to the largest model while reducing computational costs by 20\% to 40\%.
- Towards Hierarchical Multi-Step Reward Models for Enhanced Reasoning in Large Language Models
Teng Wang, Zhangyi Jiang, Zhenqi He, Shenyang Tong, Wenhan Yang · Mar 16, 2025 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Empirical results on the PRM800K dataset show that HRM, together with HNC, provides more stable and reliable evaluations than PRM.
- Inducing Epistemological Humility in Large Language Models: A Targeted SFT Approach to Reducing Hallucination
Cem Uluoglakci, Tugba Taskaya Temizel · Mar 18, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
We also release HypoTermQA-Enhanced, a benchmark for hallucination tendency strengthened through multiple validations.
- Long Grounded Thoughts: Synthesizing Visual Problems and Reasoning Chains at Scale
David Acuna, Chao-Han Huck Yang, Yuntian Deng, Jaehun Jung, Ximing Lu · Nov 7, 2025 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference
We introduce a framework able to synthesize vision-centric problems spanning diverse levels of complexity, and the resulting dataset with over 1M high-quality problems including: reasoning traces, preference data, and instruction prompts…
- TRACES: Tagging Reasoning Steps for Adaptive Cost-Efficient Early-Stopping
Yannis Belkhiter, Seshu Tirupathi, Giulio Zizzo, John D. Kelleher · Apr 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
- COMPASS: COntinual Multilingual PEFT with Adaptive Semantic Sampling
Noah Flynn · Apr 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Pause or Fabricate? Training Language Models for Grounded Reasoning
Yiwen Qiu, Linjuan Wu, Yizhou Liu, Yuchen Yan, Jin Ma · Apr 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Does Self-Consistency Improve the Recall of Encyclopedic Knowledge?
Sho Hoshino, Ukyo Honda, Peinan Zhang · Apr 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
- DASH-KV: Accelerating Long-Context LLM Inference via Asymmetric KV Cache Hashing
Jinyu Guo, Zhihan Zhang, Yutong Li, Jiehui Xie, Md. Tamim Iqbal · Apr 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
- RDP LoRA: Geometry-Driven Identification for Parameter-Efficient Adaptation in Large Language Models
Yusuf Çelebi, Yağız Asker, Özay Ezerceli, Mahmoud ElHussieni, Selva Taş · Apr 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Screen Before You Interpret: A Portable Validity Protocol for Benchmark-Based LLM Confidence Signals
Jon-Paul Cacioli · Apr 20, 2026 · Citations: 0
- MoE-nD: Per-Layer Mixture-of-Experts Routing for Multi-Axis KV Cache Compression
Libo Sun, Peixiong He, Po-Wei Harn, Xiao Qin · Apr 20, 2026 · Citations: 0
- CoAct: Co-Active LLM Preference Learning with Human-AI Synergy
Ruiyao Xu, Mihir Parmar, Tiankai Yang, Zhengyu Hu, Yue Zhao · Apr 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Jupiter-N Technical Report
George Drayson · Apr 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
- AtManRL: Towards Faithful Reasoning via Differentiable Attention Saliency
Max Henning Höth, Kristian Kersting, Björn Deiseroth, Letitia Parcalabescu · Apr 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
- LongAct: Harnessing Intrinsic Activation Patterns for Long-Context Reinforcement Learning
Bowen Ping, Zijun Chen, Tingfeng Hui, Qize Yu, Chenxuan Li · Apr 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Modeling LLM Unlearning as an Asymmetric Two-Task Learning Problem
Zeguan Xiao, Siqing Li, Yong Wang, Xuetao Wei, Jian Yang · Apr 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking
Solomon Messing · Apr 13, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Think in Sentences: Explicit Sentence Boundaries Enhance Language Model's Capabilities
Zhichen Liu, Yongyuan Li, Yang Xu · Apr 11, 2026 · Citations: 0
- SUPERNOVA: Eliciting General Reasoning in LLMs with Reinforcement Learning on Natural Instructions
Ashima Suvarna, Kendrick Phan, Mehrab Beikzadeh, Hritik Bansal, Saadia Gabriel · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Dead Weights, Live Signals: Feedforward Graphs of Frozen Language Models
Marcus Armstrong, Navid Ayoobi, Arjun Mukherjee · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- DMax: Aggressive Parallel Decoding for dLLMs
Zigeng Chen, Gongfan Fang, Xinyin Ma, Ruonan Yu, Xinchao Wang · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Activation Steering for Aligned Open-ended Generation without Sacrificing Coherence
Niklas Herbster, Martin Zborowski, Alberto Tosato, Gauthier Gidel, Tommaso Tosato · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- TEMPER: Testing Emotional Perturbation in Quantitative Reasoning
Atahan Dokme, Benjamin Reichman, Larry Heck · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Sensitivity-Positional Co-Localization in GQA Transformers
Manoj Chandrashekar Rao · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Symbiotic-MoE: Unlocking the Synergy between Generation and Understanding
Xiangyue Liu, Zijian Zhang, Miles Yang, Zhao Zhong, Liefeng Bo · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Beyond the Assistant Turn: User Turn Generation as a Probe of Interaction Awareness in Language Models
Sarath Shekkizhar, Romain Cosentino, Adam Earle · Apr 2, 2026 · Citations: 0
- HISA: Efficient Hierarchical Indexing for Fine-Grained Sparse Attention
Yufei Xu, Fanxu Meng, Fan Jiang, Yuxuan Wang, Ruijie Zhou · Mar 30, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Is Mathematical Problem-Solving Expertise in Large Language Models Associated with Assessment Performance?
Liang Zhang, Yu Fu, Xinyi Jin · Mar 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Cross-Model Disagreement as a Label-Free Correctness Signal
Matt Gorbett, Suman Jana · Mar 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Efficient Detection of Bad Benchmark Items with Novel Scalability Coefficients
Michael Hardy, Joshua Gilbert, Benjamin Domingue · Mar 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
- EchoKV: Efficient KV Cache Compression via Similarity-Based Reconstruction
Yixuan Wang, Shiyu Ji, Yijun Liu, Qingfu Zhu, Wanxiang Che · Mar 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Lie to Me: How Faithful Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Reasoning Models?
Richard J. Young · Mar 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
- VQKV: High-Fidelity and High-Ratio Cache Compression via Vector-Quantization
Yixuan Wang, Qingyu Shi, Jiayu Zhou, Dianbo Liu, Ziwei He · Mar 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Are Large Language Models Truly Smarter Than Humans?
Eshwar Reddy M, Sourav Karmakar · Mar 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
- NeuroLoRA: Context-Aware Neuromodulation for Parameter-Efficient Multi-Task Adaptation
Yuxin Yang, Haoran Zhang, Mingxuan Li, Jiachen Xu, Ruoxi Shen · Mar 12, 2026 · Citations: 0
- In-Context Environments Induce Evaluation-Awareness in Language Models
Maheep Chaudhary · Mar 4, 2026 · Citations: 0
- LongRLVR: Long-Context Reinforcement Learning Requires Verifiable Context Rewards
Guanzheng Chen, Michael Qizhe Shieh, Lidong Bing · Mar 2, 2026 · Citations: 0
- FASA: Frequency-aware Sparse Attention
Yifei Wang, Yueqi Wang, Zhenrui Yue, Huimin Zeng, Yong Wang · Feb 3, 2026 · Citations: 0
- LLMOrbit: A Circular Taxonomy of Large Language Models -From Scaling Walls to Agentic AI Systems
Badri N. Patro, Vijay S. Agneeswaran · Jan 20, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Reliability-Aware Adaptive Self-Consistency for Efficient Sampling in LLM Reasoning
Junseok Kim, Nakyeong Yang, Kyungmin Min, Kyomin Jung · Jan 6, 2026 · Citations: 0
- Training Language Models to Use Prolog as a Tool
Niklas Mellgren, Peter Schneider-Kamp, Lukas Galke Poech · Dec 8, 2025 · Citations: 0
- SPG: Sandwiched Policy Gradient for Masked Diffusion Language Models
Chenyu Wang, Paria Rashidinejad, DiJia Su, Song Jiang, Sid Wang · Oct 10, 2025 · Citations: 0