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Cross-Preference Learning for Sentence-Level and Context-Aware Machine Translation

Ying Li, Xinglin Lyu, Junhui Li, Jinlong Yang, Hengchao Shang, Min Zhang, Shimin Tao, Daimeng Wei · Mar 26, 2026 · Citations: 0

Multilingual Pairwise Preference
Open arXiv Find Implementation RSS feed Shortlist (0)

How to use this page

Low trust

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Evidence quality

Low

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Abstract

Context-aware machine translation (MT) leverages document-level information, yet it does not consistently outperform sentence-level MT, as contextual signals are unevenly beneficial across sentences. Existing training objectives do not explicitly model this variability, limiting a model's ability to adaptively exploit context. In this paper, we propose Cross-Preference Learning (CPL), a preference-based training framework that explicitly captures the complementary benefits of sentence-level and context-aware MT. CPL achieves this by integrating both intra- and cross-condition preferences into the preference optimization objective. The introduction of intra- and cross-condition preferences provides explicit supervision on when and how contextual information improves translation quality. We validate the proposed approach on several public context-aware MT tasks using multiple models, including Qwen3-4B, Qwen3-8B, and Llama-3-8B. Experimental results demonstrate consistent improvements in translation quality and robustness across both input conditions, achieved without any architectural modifications.

Low-signal caution for protocol decisions

Use this page for context, then validate protocol choices against stronger HFEPX references before implementation decisions.

  • The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.
  • The abstract does not clearly describe the evaluation setup.
  • The abstract does not clearly name benchmarks or metrics.
Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub

Should You Rely On This Paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

Main weakness

The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

40/100 • Low

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Human Feedback Signal

Detected

Evaluation Signal

Weak / implicit signal

Usefulness for eval research

Adjacent candidate

Extraction confidence 45%

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here:

Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub Tool-Use Eval Hub

What We Could Verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

partial

Pairwise Preference

Directly usable for protocol triage.

"Context-aware machine translation (MT) leverages document-level information, yet it does not consistently outperform sentence-level MT, as contextual signals are unevenly beneficial across sentences."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Context-aware machine translation (MT) leverages document-level information, yet it does not consistently outperform sentence-level MT, as contextual signals are unevenly beneficial across sentences."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Context-aware machine translation (MT) leverages document-level information, yet it does not consistently outperform sentence-level MT, as contextual signals are unevenly beneficial across sentences."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Context-aware machine translation (MT) leverages document-level information, yet it does not consistently outperform sentence-level MT, as contextual signals are unevenly beneficial across sentences."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Context-aware machine translation (MT) leverages document-level information, yet it does not consistently outperform sentence-level MT, as contextual signals are unevenly beneficial across sentences."

Human Feedback Details

  • Uses human feedback: Yes
  • Feedback types: Pairwise Preference
  • Rater population: Not reported
  • Expertise required: Multilingual

Evaluation Details

  • Evaluation modes:
  • Agentic eval: None
  • Quality controls: Not reported
  • Evidence quality: Low
  • Use this page as: Background context only

Protocol And Measurement Signals

Benchmarks / Datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported Metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Research Brief

Metadata summary

Context-aware machine translation (MT) leverages document-level information, yet it does not consistently outperform sentence-level MT, as contextual signals are unevenly beneficial across sentences.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key Takeaways

  • Context-aware machine translation (MT) leverages document-level information, yet it does not consistently outperform sentence-level MT, as contextual signals are unevenly beneficial across sentences.
  • Existing training objectives do not explicitly model this variability, limiting a model's ability to adaptively exploit context.
  • In this paper, we propose Cross-Preference Learning (CPL), a preference-based training framework that explicitly captures the complementary benefits of sentence-level and context-aware MT.

Researcher Actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Research Summary

Contribution Summary

  • In this paper, we propose Cross-Preference Learning (CPL), a preference-based training framework that explicitly captures the complementary benefits of sentence-level and context-aware MT.
  • CPL achieves this by integrating both intra- and cross-condition preferences into the preference optimization objective.
  • The introduction of intra- and cross-condition preferences provides explicit supervision on when and how contextual information improves translation quality.

Why It Matters For Eval

  • In this paper, we propose Cross-Preference Learning (CPL), a preference-based training framework that explicitly captures the complementary benefits of sentence-level and context-aware MT.
  • CPL achieves this by integrating both intra- and cross-condition preferences into the preference optimization objective.

Researcher Checklist

  • Pass: Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Pairwise Preference

  • Gap: Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Gap: Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Gap: Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Gap: Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.

Related Papers

Papers are ranked by protocol overlap, extraction signal alignment, and semantic proximity.

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