- SPARTA: Scalable and Principled Benchmark of Tree-Structured Multi-hop QA over Text and Tables
Sungho Park, Jueun Kim, Wook-Shin Han · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Yet existing benchmarks are small, manually curated - and therefore error-prone - and contain shallow questions that seldom demand more than two hops or invoke aggregations, grouping, or other advanced analytical operations expressible in n
- AgentDropoutV2: Optimizing Information Flow in Multi-Agent Systems via Test-Time Rectify-or-Reject Pruning
Yutong Wang, Siyuan Xiong, Xuebo Liu, Wenkang Zhou, Liang Ding · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Multi Agent
While Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) excel in complex reasoning, they suffer from the cascading impact of erroneous information generated by individual participants.
- Why Diffusion Language Models Struggle with Truly Parallel (Non-Autoregressive) Decoding?
Pengxiang Li, Dilxat Muhtar, Lu Yin, Tianlong Chen, Shiwei Liu · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Across math reasoning benchmarks, NAP yields stronger performance under parallel decoding than DLMs trained on standard long CoT data, with gains growing as parallelism increases.
- InnerQ: Hardware-aware Tuning-free Quantization of KV Cache for Large Language Models
Sayed Mohammadreza Tayaranian Hosseini, Amir Ardakani, Warren J. Gross · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Our evaluation experiments on Llama models shows that InnerQ maintains a few-shot GSM8K performance comparable to non-quantized KV caches and surpasses prior KV cache quantization methods.
- A Decision-Theoretic Formalisation of Steganography With Applications to LLM Monitoring
Usman Anwar, Julianna Piskorz, David D. Baek, David Africa, Jim Weatherall · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Our central insight is that steganography creates an asymmetry in usable information between agents who can and cannot decode the hidden content (present within a steganographic signal), and this otherwise latent asymmetry can be inferred f
- Modality Collapse as Mismatched Decoding: Information-Theoretic Limits of Multimodal LLMs
Jayadev Billa · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Multimodal LLMs can process speech and images, but they cannot hear a speaker's voice or see an object's texture.
- MoDora: Tree-Based Semi-Structured Document Analysis System
Bangrui Xu, Qihang Yao, Zirui Tang, Xuanhe Zhou, Yeye He · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Semi-structured documents integrate diverse interleaved data elements (e.g., tables, charts, hierarchical paragraphs) arranged in various and often irregular layouts.
- Frequency-Ordered Tokenization for Better Text Compression
Maximilian Kalcher · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We present frequency-ordered tokenization, a simple preprocessing technique that improves lossless text compression by exploiting the power-law frequency distribution of natural language tokens (Zipf's law).
- Test-Time Scaling with Diffusion Language Models via Reward-Guided Stitching
Roy Miles, Aysim Toker, Andreea-Maria Oncescu, Songcen Xu, Jiankang Deng · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
This modular pipeline separates exploration (diffusion) from evaluation and solution synthesis, avoiding monolithic unified hybrids while preserving broad search.
- Rejection Mixing: Fast Semantic Propagation of Mask Tokens for Efficient DLLM Inference
Yushi Ye, Feng Hong, Huangjie Zheng, Xu Chen, Zhiyong Chen · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) promise fast non-autoregressive inference but suffer a severe quality-speed trade-off in parallel decoding.
- Natural Language Declarative Prompting (NLD-P): A Modular Governance Method for Prompt Design Under Model Drift
Hyunwoo Kim, Hanau Yi, Jaehee Bae, Yumin Kim · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Critique Edit Automatic Metrics
NLD-P is formalized as a modular control abstraction that separates provenance, constraint logic, task content, and post-generation evaluation, encoded directly in natural language without reliance on external orchestration code.
- Imagination Helps Visual Reasoning, But Not Yet in Latent Space
You Li, Chi Chen, Yanghao Li, Fanhu Zeng, Kaiyu Huang · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Latent visual reasoning aims to mimic human's imagination process by meditating through hidden states of Multimodal Large Language Models.
- dLLM: Simple Diffusion Language Modeling
Zhanhui Zhou, Lingjie Chen, Hanghang Tong, Dawn Song · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
To address this gap, we introduce dLLM, an open-source framework that unifies the core components of diffusion language modeling -- training, inference, and evaluation -- and makes them easy to customize for new designs.
- Deepfake Word Detection by Next-token Prediction using Fine-tuned Whisper
Hoan My Tran, Xin Wang, Wanying Ge, Xuechen Liu, Junichi Yamagishi · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Deepfake speech utterances can be forged by replacing one or more words in a bona fide utterance with semantically different words synthesized by speech generative models.
- Vectorizing the Trie: Efficient Constrained Decoding for LLM-based Generative Retrieval on Accelerators
Zhengyang Su, Isay Katsman, Yueqi Wang, Ruining He, Lukasz Heldt · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
In addition, evaluation on academic benchmarks demonstrates that STATIC can considerably improve cold-start performance for generative retrieval.
- Strategy Executability in Mathematical Reasoning: Leveraging Human-Model Differences for Effective Guidance
Weida Liang, Yiyou Sun, Shuyuan Nan, Chuang Li, Dawn Song · Feb 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Through a controlled analysis of paired human-written and model-generated solutions, we identify a systematic dissociation between usage and executability: human- and model-derived strategies differ in structured, domain-dependent ways, lea
- Importance of Prompt Optimisation for Error Detection in Medical Notes Using Language Models
Craig Myles, Patrick Schrempf, David Harris-Birtill · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We show that automatic prompt optimisation with Genetic-Pareto (GEPA) improves error detection over the baseline accuracy performance from 0.669 to 0.785 with GPT-5 and 0.578 to 0.690 with Qwen3-32B, approaching the performance of medical d
- VeRO: An Evaluation Harness for Agents to Optimize Agents
Varun Ursekar, Apaar Shanker, Veronica Chatrath, Yuan, Xue · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
An important emerging application of coding agents is agent optimization: the iterative improvement of a target agent through edit-execute-evaluate cycles.
- How Do Latent Reasoning Methods Perform Under Weak and Strong Supervision?
Yingqian Cui, Zhenwei Dai, Bing He, Zhan Shi, Hui Liu · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Latent reasoning has been recently proposed as a reasoning paradigm and performs multi-step reasoning through generating steps in the latent space instead of the textual space.
- Causality $\neq$ Invariance: Function and Concept Vectors in LLMs
Gustaw Opiełka, Hannes Rosenbusch, Claire E. Stevenson · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Do large language models (LLMs) represent concepts abstractly, i.e., independent of input format?
- Decoder-based Sense Knowledge Distillation
Qitong Wang, Mohammed J. Zaki, Georgios Kollias, Vasileios Kalantzis · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Extensive experiments on diverse benchmarks demonstrate that DSKD significantly enhances knowledge distillation performance for decoders, enabling generative models to inherit structured semantics while maintaining efficient training.
- SumTablets: A Transliteration Dataset of Sumerian Tablets
Cole Simmons, Richard Diehl Martinez, Dan Jurafsky · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Sumerian transliteration is a conventional system for representing a scholar's interpretation of a tablet in the Latin script.
- GUI-Libra: Training Native GUI Agents to Reason and Act with Action-aware Supervision and Partially Verifiable RL
Rui Yang, Qianhui Wu, Zhaoyang Wang, Hanyang Chen, Ke Yang · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Open-source native GUI agents still lag behind closed-source systems on long-horizon navigation tasks.
- DySCO: Dynamic Attention-Scaling Decoding for Long-Context LMs
Xi Ye, Wuwei Zhang, Fangcong Yin, Howard Yen, Danqi Chen · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Across multiple instruction-tuned and reasoning models, DySCO consistently improves performance on challenging long-context reasoning benchmarks, yielding relative gains of up to 25% on MRCR and LongBenchV2 at 128K context length with modes
- NoLan: Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via Dynamic Suppression of Language Priors
Lingfeng Ren, Weihao Yu, Runpeng Yu, Xinchao Wang · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Object hallucination is a critical issue in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), where outputs include objects that do not appear in the input image.
- SWE-Protégé: Learning to Selectively Collaborate With an Expert Unlocks Small Language Models as Software Engineering Agents
Patrick Tser Jern Kon, Archana Pradeep, Ang Chen, Alexander P. Ellis, Warren Hunt · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Our approach combines supervised fine-tuning on expert-augmented trajectories with agentic reinforcement learning that explicitly discourages degenerative looping and unproductive expert collaboration.
- DLT-Corpus: A Large-Scale Text Collection for the Distributed Ledger Technology Domain
Walter Hernandez Cruz, Peter Devine, Nikhil Vadgama, Paolo Tasca, Jiahua Xu · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We introduce DLT-Corpus, the largest domain-specific text collection for Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) research to date: 2.98 billion tokens from 22.12 million documents spanning scientific literature (37,440 publications), United Sta
- TG-ASR: Translation-Guided Learning with Parallel Gated Cross Attention for Low-Resource Automatic Speech Recognition
Cheng-Yeh Yang, Chien-Chun Wang, Li-Wei Chen, Hung-Shin Lee, Hsin-Min Wang · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env
Low-resource automatic speech recognition (ASR) continues to pose significant challenges, primarily due to the limited availability of transcribed data for numerous languages.
- MEDSYN: Benchmarking Multi-EviDence SYNthesis in Complex Clinical Cases for Multimodal Large Language Models
Boqi Chen, Xudong Liu, Jiachuan Peng, Marianne Frey-Marti, Bang Zheng · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in medical applications, yet existing benchmarks inadequately capture real-world clinical complexity.
- Small Wins Big: Comparing Large Language Models and Domain Fine-Tuned Models for Sarcasm Detection in Code-Mixed Hinglish Text
Bitan Majumder, Anirban Sen · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic MetricsSimulation Env
Sarcasm detection in multilingual and code-mixed environments remains a challenging task for natural language processing models due to structural variations, informal expressions, and low-resource linguistic availability.
- Robust Long-Form Bangla Speech Processing: Automatic Speech Recognition and Speaker Diarization
MD. Sagor Chowdhury, Adiba Fairooz Chowdhury · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We describe our end-to-end system for Bengali long-form speech recognition (ASR) and speaker diarization submitted to the DL Sprint 4.0 competition on Kaggle.
- Scalable Multilingual Multimodal Machine Translation with Speech-Text Fusion
Yexing Du, Youcheng Pan, Zekun Wang, Zheng Chu, Yichong Huang · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Experimental results demonstrate that our framework surpasses all existing methods on the Multi30K multimodal machine translation benchmark, achieving new state-of-the-art results.
- MixSarc: A Bangla-English Code-Mixed Corpus for Implicit Meaning Identification
Kazi Samin Yasar Alam, Md Tanbir Chowdhury, Tamim Ahmed, Ajwad Abrar, Md Rafid Haque · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Human EvalAutomatic Metrics
We benchmark transformer-based models and evaluate zero-shot large language models under structured prompting.
- Duel-Evolve: Reward-Free Test-Time Scaling via LLM Self-Preferences
Sweta Karlekar, Carolina Zheng, Magnus Saebo, Nicolas Beltran-Velez, Shuyang Yu · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
Building on this observation, we introduce Duel-Evolve, an evolutionary optimization algorithm that replaces external scalar rewards with pairwise preferences elicited from the same LLM used to generate candidates.
- One Brain, Omni Modalities: Towards Unified Non-Invasive Brain Decoding with Large Language Models
Changli Tang, Shurui Li, Junliang Wang, Qinfan Xiao, Zhonghao Zhai · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Extensive evaluations demonstrate that NOBEL serves as a robust generalist across standard single-modal tasks.
- MrBERT: Modern Multilingual Encoders via Vocabulary, Domain, and Dimensional Adaptation
Daniel Tamayo, Iñaki Lacunza, Paula Rivera-Hidalgo, Severino Da Dalt, Javier Aula-Blasco · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We introduce MrBERT, a family of 150M-300M parameter encoders built on the ModernBERT architecture and pre-trained on 35 languages and code.
- Multi-Vector Index Compression in Any Modality
Hanxiang Qin, Alexander Martin, Rohan Jha, Chunsheng Zuo, Reno Kriz · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We study efficient multi-vector retrieval for late interaction in any modality.
- PVminer: A Domain-Specific Tool to Detect the Patient Voice in Patient Generated Data
Samah Fodeh, Linhai Ma, Yan Wang, Srivani Talakokkul, Ganesh Puthiaraju · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Patient-generated text such as secure messages, surveys, and interviews contains rich expressions of the patient voice (PV), reflecting communicative behaviors and social determinants of health (SDoH).
- A Benchmark for Deep Information Synthesis
Debjit Paul, Daniel Murphy, Milan Gritta, Ronald Cardenas, Victor Prokhorov · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Human EvalAutomatic Metrics Tool Use
Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly used to solve complex tasks involving tool use, such as web browsing, code execution, and data analysis.
- HiSAC: Hierarchical Sparse Activation Compression for Ultra-long Sequence Modeling in Recommenders
Kun Yuan, Junyu Bi, Daixuan Cheng, Changfa Wu, Shuwen Xiao · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
Modern recommender systems leverage ultra-long user behavior sequences to capture dynamic preferences, but end-to-end modeling is infeasible in production due to latency and memory constraints.
- Don't Ignore the Tail: Decoupling top-K Probabilities for Efficient Language Model Distillation
Sayantan Dasgupta, Trevor Cohn, Timothy Baldwin · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
The core learning signal used in language model distillation is the standard Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the student and teacher distributions.
- Explicit Grammar Semantic Feature Fusion for Robust Text Classification
Azrin Sultana, Firoz Ahmed · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env
Natural Language Processing enables computers to understand human language by analysing and classifying text efficiently with deep-level grammatical and semantic features.
- ID-LoRA: Efficient Low-Rank Adaptation Inspired by Matrix Interpolative Decomposition
Xindian Ma, Rundong Kong, Peng Zhang, Ruoxiang Huang, Yongyu Jiang · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
We evaluate ID-LoRA on five diverse benchmarks: Mathematical Reasoning, Code Generation, MMLU, CommonsenseQA, and Safety Alignment.
- Counterfactual Simulation Training for Chain-of-Thought Faithfulness
Peter Hase, Christopher Potts · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic MetricsSimulation Env
Inspecting Chain-of-Thought reasoning is among the most common means of understanding why an LLM produced its output.
- SpecMind: Cognitively Inspired, Interactive Multi-Turn Framework for Postcondition Inference
Cuong Chi Le, Minh V. T Pham, Tung Vu Duy, Cuong Duc Van, Huy N. Phan · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Our empirical evaluation shows that SpecMind significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in both accuracy and completeness of generated postconditions.
- Inner Speech as Behavior Guides: Steerable Imitation of Diverse Behaviors for Human-AI coordination
Rakshit Trivedi, Kartik Sharma, David C Parkes · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Demonstrations Automatic Metrics Multi Agent
Effective human-AI coordination requires artificial agents capable of exhibiting and responding to human-like behaviors while adapting to changing contexts.
- MERRY: Semantically Decoupled Evaluation of Multimodal Emotional and Role Consistencies of Role-Playing Agents
Zhenyu Wang, Xiaofen Xing, Yirong Chen, Xiangmin Xu · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As Judge
Multimodal Role-Playing Agents (MRPAs) are attracting increasing attention due to their ability to deliver more immersive multimodal emotional interactions.
- Case-Aware LLM-as-a-Judge Evaluation for Enterprise-Scale RAG Systems
Mukul Chhabra, Luigi Medrano, Arush Verma · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Enterprise Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) assistants operate in multi-turn, case-based workflows such as technical support and IT operations, where evaluation must reflect operational constraints, structured identifiers (e.g., error c
- NanoKnow: How to Know What Your Language Model Knows
Lingwei Gu, Nour Jedidi, Jimmy Lin · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Towards the goal of understanding how knowledge is encoded by LLMs, we release NanoKnow, a benchmark dataset that partitions questions from Natural Questions and SQuAD into splits based on whether their answers are present in nanochat's pre
- gencat: Generative computerized adaptive testing
Wanyong Feng, Andrew Lan · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics
We train the model in a two-step process, first via Supervised Fine-Tuning and then via preference optimization for knowledge-response alignment.
- DSDR: Dual-Scale Diversity Regularization for Exploration in LLM Reasoning
Zhongwei Wan, Yun Shen, Zhihao Dou, Donghao Zhou, Yu Zhang · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Experiments on multiple reasoning benchmarks demonstrate consistent improvements in accuracy and pass@k, highlighting the importance of dual-scale diversity for deep exploration in RLVR.
- Axis Decomposition for ODRL: Resolving Dimensional Ambiguity in Policy Constraints through Interval Semantics
Daham Mustafa, Diego Collarana, Yixin Peng, Rafiqul Haque, Christoph Lange-Bever · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
For these operands, a single scalar constraint admits one interpretation per axis, making policy evaluation non-deterministic.
- Nacrith: Neural Lossless Compression via Ensemble Context Modeling and High-Precision CDF Coding
Roberto Tacconelli · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
An out-of-distribution (OOD) evaluation on a document published after the model's training cutoff confirms these gains are not memorization artifacts, achieving 0.723 bpb on unseen text.
- Beyond a Single Extractor: Re-thinking HTML-to-Text Extraction for LLM Pretraining
Jeffrey Li, Josh Gardner, Doug Kang, Fangping Shi, Karanjeet Singh · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
This suggests a simple intervention: by taking a Union over different extractors, we can increase the token yield of DCLM-Baseline by up to 71% while maintaining benchmark performance.
- Classroom Final Exam: An Instructor-Tested Reasoning Benchmark
Chongyang Gao, Diji Yang, Shuyan Zhou, Xichen Yan, Luchuan Song · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
We introduce \CFE{} (\textbf{C}lassroom \textbf{F}inal \textbf{E}xam), a multimodal benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of large language models across more than 20 STEM domains.
- Can Large Language Models Replace Human Coders? Introducing ContentBench
Michael Haman · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Critique Edit Automatic Metrics
This paper introduces ContentBench, a public benchmark suite that helps answer this replacement question by tracking how much agreement low-cost LLMs achieve and what they cost on the same interpretive coding tasks.
- Retrieval Augmented Enhanced Dual Co-Attention Framework for Target Aware Multimodal Bengali Hateful Meme Detection
Raihan Tanvir, Md. Golam Rabiul Alam · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Hateful content on social media increasingly appears as multimodal memes that combine images and text to convey harmful narratives.
- TurkicNLP: An NLP Toolkit for Turkic Languages
Sherzod Hakimov · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Natural language processing for the Turkic language family, spoken by over 200 million people across Eurasia, remains fragmented, with most languages lacking unified tooling and resources.
- Facet-Level Persona Control by Trait-Activated Routing with Contrastive SAE for Role-Playing LLMs
Wenqiu Tang, Zhen Wan, Takahiro Komamizu, Ichiro Ide · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics
Personality control in Role-Playing Agents (RPAs) is commonly achieved via training-free methods that inject persona descriptions and memory through prompts or retrieval-augmented generation, or via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on persona-s
- AgenticRAGTracer: A Hop-Aware Benchmark for Diagnosing Multi-Step Retrieval Reasoning in Agentic RAG
Qijie You, Wenkai Yu, Wentao Zhang · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
With the rapid advancement of agent-based methods in recent years, Agentic RAG has undoubtedly become an important research direction.