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HFEPX · Eval paper review

Why Do Agent Teams Fail Across Boundaries? A Failure Taxonomy for Agent-to-Agent Systems with Private States

Sarath Shekkizhar, Prathyusha Jwalapuram, Zixuan Ke, Vaidehi Patil +11 more

Published

Oct 14, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

0/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

15% (Low)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Oct 15, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A secondary eval reference to pair with stronger protocol papers.

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Main weakness

This paper looks adjacent to evaluation work, but not like a strong protocol reference.

Human feedback signal
Not explicit
Not explicit in abstract metadata
Evaluation signal
Detected
Eval setup described
Usefulness for eval research
0/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Abstract

Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent. In such agent-to-agent (A2A) scenarios, each agent has its own environment and holds information and authority that the other cannot see. Moreover, the interests of each agent may be aligned (cooperative), partly aligned (mixed-motive), or opposed (competitive). Existing multi-agent system failure studies assume one orchestrator, shared workspace, or single principal. We ask how A2A systems fail when these assumptions are removed. We study more than 2,500 recorded runs of A2A systems built from different agent harnesses and models, spanning 488 scenarios across eight families (legal, CRM, security, commerce, etc.). From these traces, we derive $A^2$-Failures, a taxonomy of 20 A2A failure modes in four categories: (i) discovery and delegation, (ii) grounding and record consistency, (iii) verification, and (iv) conduct and fidelity. Three findings hold across every harness, model, and scenario studied: (1) discovery and interaction are driven by the phrasing of the task rather than the availability of peer agents; (2) no agent verifies a peer's factual claim on its own initiative, so an A2A system inherits the reliability of its least reliable participant unless the protocol or mechanism performs the check; and (3) the aggregate outcome score credits the agent completing the task while staying blind to the coordination, verification, and conduct failures beneath it, so A2A systems must be evaluated per agent, against each agent's own principal. We release the run logs behind the taxonomy at https://huggingface.co/datasets/a2a-salesforce/a2-failures.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

missing

None explicit

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

"Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent."

Benchmarks and datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
No
Feedback types
None
Rater population
Not reported
Expertise required
General
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
Multi Agent
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Low
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent.
  • In such agent-to-agent (A2A) scenarios, each agent has its own environment and holds information and authority that the other cannot see.
  • Moreover, the interests of each agent may be aligned (cooperative), partly aligned (mixed-motive), or opposed (competitive).

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Validate inferred eval signals (Simulation environment) against the full paper.
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended queries

Contribution summary

  • Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent.
  • In such agent-to-agent (A2A) scenarios, each agent has its own environment and holds information and authority that the other cannot see.
  • Moreover, the interests of each agent may be aligned (cooperative), partly aligned (mixed-motive), or opposed (competitive).

Why it matters for eval

  • Agents are increasingly interacting with other agents that act for different principals (people or organizations on whose behalf they work), such as a buyer's personal agent negotiating with an enterprise's seller agent.
  • In such agent-to-agent (A2A) scenarios, each agent has its own environment and holds information and authority that the other cannot see.

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    No explicit human feedback protocol detected.

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.