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HFEPX · Eval paper review

Bolzano: From Expert-Guided Proof Search to Automated Open-Problem Solving

Adrián Zámečník, Matěj Kripner, Martin Koutecký, Martin Balko +4 more

Published

Oct 7, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Moderate

Usefulness score

40/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

50% (Moderate)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Domain Experts

Signals refreshed

Oct 9, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this for comparison and orientation, not as your only source.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A secondary eval reference to pair with stronger protocol papers.

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Main weakness

The abstract does not clearly name benchmarks or metrics.

Human feedback signal
Detected
From extracted signals
Evaluation signal
Detected
Eval setup described
Usefulness for eval research
40/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Abstract

Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification. We describe Bolzano, a multi-agent open-source system that uses parallel prover agents with a verifier agent and maintains a human-readable research state. Initial manual use on expert-selected problems yielded 8 results whose proofs were checked by domain experts. Motivated by these case studies, we ran Bolzano without problem-specific human guidance on about 3,800 open problems extracted from four sets of papers, solving about 200 open problems. One experiment used papers accepted to STOC 2026, a top conference in theoretical computer science. There, we answered four questions raised in the papers, as confirmed by their authors.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

strong

Expert Verification

Directly usable for protocol triage.

"Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification."

Rater Population

strong

Domain Experts

Helpful for staffing comparability.

"Initial manual use on expert-selected problems yielded 8 results whose proofs were checked by domain experts."

Benchmarks and datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
Yes
Feedback types
Expert Verification
Rater population
Domain Experts
Expertise required
Math
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
Multi Agent
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Moderate
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Large language models are increasingly contributing to mathematical research, where progress often depends on efficient proof search, incremental improvements and careful verification.
  • We describe Bolzano, a multi-agent open-source system that uses parallel prover agents with a verifier agent and maintains a human-readable research state.
  • Initial manual use on expert-selected problems yielded 8 results whose proofs were checked by domain experts.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Contribution summary

  • We describe Bolzano, a multi-agent open-source system that uses parallel prover agents with a verifier agent and maintains a human-readable research state.
  • Motivated by these case studies, we ran Bolzano without problem-specific human guidance on about 3,800 open problems extracted from four sets of papers, solving about 200 open problems.

Why it matters for eval

  • We describe Bolzano, a multi-agent open-source system that uses parallel prover agents with a verifier agent and maintains a human-readable research state.
  • Motivated by these case studies, we ran Bolzano without problem-specific human guidance on about 3,800 open problems extracted from four sets of papers, solving about 200 open problems.

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Expert Verification

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.