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HFEPX · Eval paper review

PROSE: Preservation-Constrained Selective Editing for Guilty Bias in Legal Judgment Prediction

Yimeng Wang, Zeyuan Tian, Xinyu Wang, Danyang Gao +4 more

Published

Nov 3, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

40/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

45% (Low)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Nov 3, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Main weakness

The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.

Human feedback signal
Detected
From extracted signals
Evaluation signal
Weak or implicit
Validate from full paper
Usefulness for eval research
40/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Abstract

Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established. We study this guilty bias via selective repair over matched charge-established and charge-not-established cases, where the unsupported verdict should change while its supported counterpart remains stable. We construct CAIL-MC, a legally reviewed dataset of 11,478 matched pairs covering 261 Chinese criminal charges. Held-out activation interventions show that contrasts learned from correctly resolved pairs transfer to false-guilty cases, but target-reaching interventions can also damage matched supported-guilty decisions. Motivated by this observation, we introduce PROSE, which reconstructs case-specific targets from a training-derived residual geometry, aligns them with a local margin-descent signal, attenuates supported-guilty-sensitive components, and realizes bounded targets through a preservation-regularized low-rank parameter update. Across Qwen3-8B and GLM4-9B, PROSE achieves stronger pairwise safe repair and evidence sensitivity, while preserving standard single-pass inference.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

partial

Pairwise Preference

Directly usable for protocol triage.

"Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established."

Benchmarks and datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
Yes
Feedback types
Pairwise Preference
Rater population
Not reported
Unit of annotation
Pairwise (inferred)
Expertise required
General
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
None
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Low
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established.
  • We study this guilty bias via selective repair over matched charge-established and charge-not-established cases, where the unsupported verdict should change while its supported counterpart remains stable.
  • We construct CAIL-MC, a legally reviewed dataset of 11,478 matched pairs covering 261 Chinese criminal charges.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Contribution summary

  • Legal judgment prediction models may retain a guilty verdict after a legally decisive condition has been altered such that the specified charge is no longer established.
  • We study this guilty bias via selective repair over matched charge-established and charge-not-established cases, where the unsupported verdict should change while its supported counterpart remains stable.

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Pairwise Preference

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.