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Loong: A Human-Like Long Document Translation Agent with Observe-and-Act Adaptive Context Selection

Yutong Wang, Xuebo Liu, Derek F. Wong, Zhilin Li, Rongqing Jiang, Min Zhang, Shimin Tao, Daimeng Wei, Min Zhang · May 28, 2026 · Citations: 0

Coding Multilingual Pairwise Preference
Open arXiv Find Implementation RSS feed Shortlist (0)

How to use this page

Low trust

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Evidence quality

Low

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Abstract

Document-level translation remains one of the most challenging tasks for large language models, which are constrained by limited context windows that impede global cohesion, while simultaneously suffering from redundant contextual information that degrades translation quality. To address this, we propose a human-like long document translation agent called Loong, which leverages a 3E memory module (Essence-Exemplar-Entity) to store summaries, sentence pairs, and entity records as historical context. Instead of passively attending to all history, Loong performs deep reasoning to adaptively identify the optimal context for translation guidance. Loong optimizes its context policy through reinforcement learning, utilizing preference data derived from its own sampled observe-and-act reasoning trajectories. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that Loong achieves substantial translation quality improvements in English $\Leftrightarrow$ Chinese, German, and French directions, with average gains of up to 13.0 points across the three evaluation metrics. Furthermore, Loong exhibits strong generalization across domains and robustness against contextual noise, while maintaining remarkable stability in ultra-long document translation. Our code is released at https://github.com/YutongWang1216/LoongDocMT.

Low-signal caution for protocol decisions

Use this page for context, then validate protocol choices against stronger HFEPX references before implementation decisions.

  • The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.
  • The abstract does not clearly describe the evaluation setup.
  • The abstract does not clearly name benchmarks or metrics.
Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub

Should You Rely On This Paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

Main weakness

The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

40/100 • Low

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Human Feedback Signal

Detected

Evaluation Signal

Weak / implicit signal

Usefulness for eval research

Adjacent candidate

Extraction confidence 45%

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here:

Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub Tool-Use Eval Hub

What We Could Verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

partial

Pairwise Preference

Directly usable for protocol triage.

"Document-level translation remains one of the most challenging tasks for large language models, which are constrained by limited context windows that impede global cohesion, while simultaneously suffering from redundant contextual information that degrades translation quality."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Document-level translation remains one of the most challenging tasks for large language models, which are constrained by limited context windows that impede global cohesion, while simultaneously suffering from redundant contextual information that degrades translation quality."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Document-level translation remains one of the most challenging tasks for large language models, which are constrained by limited context windows that impede global cohesion, while simultaneously suffering from redundant contextual information that degrades translation quality."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Document-level translation remains one of the most challenging tasks for large language models, which are constrained by limited context windows that impede global cohesion, while simultaneously suffering from redundant contextual information that degrades translation quality."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Document-level translation remains one of the most challenging tasks for large language models, which are constrained by limited context windows that impede global cohesion, while simultaneously suffering from redundant contextual information that degrades translation quality."

Human Feedback Details

  • Uses human feedback: Yes
  • Feedback types: Pairwise Preference
  • Rater population: Not reported
  • Expertise required: Coding, Multilingual

Evaluation Details

  • Evaluation modes:
  • Agentic eval: None
  • Quality controls: Not reported
  • Evidence quality: Low
  • Use this page as: Background context only

Protocol And Measurement Signals

Benchmarks / Datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported Metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Research Brief

Metadata summary

Document-level translation remains one of the most challenging tasks for large language models, which are constrained by limited context windows that impede global cohesion, while simultaneously suffering from redundant contextual information that degrades translation quality.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key Takeaways

  • Document-level translation remains one of the most challenging tasks for large language models, which are constrained by limited context windows that impede global cohesion, while simultaneously suffering from redundant contextual information that degrades translation quality.
  • To address this, we propose a human-like long document translation agent called Loong, which leverages a 3E memory module (Essence-Exemplar-Entity) to store summaries, sentence pairs, and entity records as historical context.
  • Instead of passively attending to all history, Loong performs deep reasoning to adaptively identify the optimal context for translation guidance.

Researcher Actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Research Summary

Contribution Summary

  • To address this, we propose a human-like long document translation agent called Loong, which leverages a 3E memory module (Essence-Exemplar-Entity) to store summaries, sentence pairs, and entity records as historical context.
  • Loong optimizes its context policy through reinforcement learning, utilizing preference data derived from its own sampled observe-and-act reasoning trajectories.
  • Empirical evaluations demonstrate that Loong achieves substantial translation quality improvements in English \Leftrightarrow Chinese, German, and French directions, with average gains of up to 13.0 points across the three evaluation…

Why It Matters For Eval

  • To address this, we propose a human-like long document translation agent called Loong, which leverages a 3E memory module (Essence-Exemplar-Entity) to store summaries, sentence pairs, and entity records as historical context.
  • Loong optimizes its context policy through reinforcement learning, utilizing preference data derived from its own sampled observe-and-act reasoning trajectories.

Researcher Checklist

  • Pass: Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Pairwise Preference

  • Gap: Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Gap: Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Gap: Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Gap: Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.

Related Papers

Papers are ranked by protocol overlap, extraction signal alignment, and semantic proximity.

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