- AgentHER: Hindsight Experience Replay for LLM Agent Trajectory Relabeling
Liang Ding · Mar 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Demonstrations Human EvalLlm As Judge Long Horizon
LLM agents fail on the majority of real-world tasks -- GPT-4o succeeds on fewer than 15% of WebArena navigation tasks and below 55% pass@1 on ToolBench (Zhou et al., 2024; Qin et al., 2024) -- yet every failed trajectory is routinely…
- Beyond the Illusion of Consensus: From Surface Heuristics to Knowledge-Grounded Evaluation in LLM-as-a-Judge
Mingyang Song, Mao Zheng, Chenning Xu · Mar 11, 2026 · Citations: 0
Rubric RatingCritique Edit Llm As Judge
Through a large-scale study of 105,600 evaluation instances (32 LLMs \times 3 frontier judges \times 100 tasks \times 11 temperatures), we show that model-level agreement (Spearman ρ= 0.99) masks fragile sample-level agreement (Pearson r =…
- A Coin Flip for Safety: LLM Judges Fail to Reliably Measure Adversarial Robustness
Leo Schwinn, Moritz Ladenburger, Tim Beyer, Mehrnaz Mofakhami, Gauthier Gidel · Feb 4, 2026 · Citations: 0
Red Team Llm As Judge
Automated LLM-as-a-Judge frameworks have become the de facto standard for scalable evaluation across natural language processing.
- Build, Judge, Optimize: A Blueprint for Continuous Improvement of Multi-Agent Consumer Assistants
Alejandro Breen Herrera, Aayush Sheth, Steven G. Xu, Zhucheng Zhan, Charles Wright · Mar 3, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise PreferenceRubric Rating Llm As JudgeSimulation Env Long Horizon
Conversational shopping assistants (CSAs) represent a compelling application of agentic AI, but moving from prototype to production reveals two underexplored challenges: how to evaluate multi-turn interactions and how to optimize tightly…
- IF-RewardBench: Benchmarking Judge Models for Instruction-Following Evaluation
Bosi Wen, Yilin Niu, Cunxiang Wang, Xiaoying Ling, Ying Zhang · Mar 5, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Llm As Judge
Instruction-following is a foundational capability of large language models (LLMs), with its improvement hinging on scalable and accurate feedback from judge models.
- InnoEval: On Research Idea Evaluation as a Knowledge-Grounded, Multi-Perspective Reasoning Problem
Shuofei Qiao, Yunxiang Wei, Xuehai Wang, Bin Wu, Boyang Xue · Feb 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As Judge Web Browsing
The rapid evolution of Large Language Models has catalyzed a surge in scientific idea production, yet this leap has not been accompanied by a matching advance in idea evaluation.
- HyperMem: Hypergraph Memory for Long-Term Conversations
Juwei Yue, Chuanrui Hu, Jiawei Sheng, Zuyi Zhou, Wenyuan Zhang · Apr 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Long-term memory is essential for conversational agents to maintain coherence, track persistent tasks, and provide personalized interactions across extended dialogues.
- HEART: A Unified Benchmark for Assessing Humans and LLMs in Emotional Support Dialogue
Laya Iyer, Kriti Aggarwal, Sanmi Koyejo, Gail Heyman, Desmond C. Ong · Jan 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise PreferenceRubric Rating Human EvalLlm As Judge
Despite rapid progress in language models, we still lack a clear way to understand how their abilities in these interpersonal domains compare to those of humans.
- Deep Research, Shallow Evaluation: A Case Study in Meta-Evaluation for Long-Form QA Benchmarks
Jena D. Hwang, Varsha Kishore, Amanpreet Singh, Dany Haddad, Aakanksha Naik · Mar 6, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise PreferenceExpert Verification Llm As Judge
This has prompted evaluation frameworks that use LLM-as-judge protocols and claim verification, along with meta-evaluation frameworks that seek to validate these methods.
- Refusal Steering: Fine-grained Control over LLM Refusal Behaviour for Sensitive Topics
Iker García-Ferrero, David Montero, Roman Orus · Dec 18, 2025 · Citations: 0
Red Team Llm As Judge
We replace fragile pattern-based refusal detection with an LLM-as-a-judge that assigns refusal confidence scores and we propose a ridge-regularized variant to compute steering vectors that better isolate the refusal--compliance direction.
- Prompt Attack Detection with LLM-as-a-Judge and Mixture-of-Models
Hieu Xuan Le, Benjamin Goh, Quy Anh Tang · Mar 26, 2026 · Citations: 0
Red Team Llm As Judge
In production, guardrails must mitigate these attacks under strict low-latency constraints, resulting in a deployment gap in which lightweight classifiers and rule-based systems struggle to generalize under distribution shift, while…
- EvoIdeator: Evolving Scientific Ideas through Checklist-Grounded Reinforcement Learning
Andreas Sauter, Yuyue Zhao, Jacopo Urbani, Wenxiang Hu, Zaiqiao Meng · Mar 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Rubric RatingCritique Edit Llm As Judge
EvoIdeator leverages a structured judge model to generate two synergistic signals: (1) lexicographic rewards for multi-dimensional optimization, and (2) fine-grained language feedback that offers span-level critiques regarding grounding,…
- Open Rubric System: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with Pairwise Adaptive Rubric
Ruipeng Jia, Yunyi Yang, Yuxin Wu, Yongbo Gai, Siyuan Tao · Feb 15, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise PreferenceRubric Rating Llm As Judge
To operationalize this view, we present the Open Rubric System (OpenRS), a plug-and-play, rubrics-based LLM-as-a-Judge framework built around Pairwise Adaptive Meta-Rubrics (PAMR) and lightweight Pointwise Verifiable Rubrics (PVRs), which…
- MAPO: Mixed Advantage Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon Multi-Turn Dialogue
Naifan Zhang, Ruihan Sun, Jinwei Su, Hengjie Yang, Zhengyuan Pan · Mar 6, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeSimulation Env Long Horizon
We propose a critic-free and efficient RL algorithm named MAPO that leverages dense process feedback from a judge model and propagates long-horizon effects through Monte Carlo returns.
- World-Model-Augmented Web Agents with Action Correction
Zhouzhou Shen, Xueyu Hu, Xiyun Li, Tianqing Fang, Juncheng Li · Feb 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeSimulation Env Multi Agent
To address these challenges, we propose WAC, a web agent that integrates model collaboration, consequence simulation, and feedback-driven action refinement.
- Mind the Shift: Decoding Monetary Policy Stance from FOMC Statements with Large Language Models
Yixuan Tang, Yi Yang · Mar 15, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics Long Horizon
Across four LLM backbones, DCS consistently outperforms supervised probes and LLM-as-judge baselines, achieving up to 71.1% accuracy on sentence-level hawkish--dovish classification.
- LLM-as-a-Judge for Time Series Explanations
Preetham Sivalingam, Murari Mandal, Saurabh Deshpande, Dhruv Kumar · Apr 2, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Although modern models generate textual interpretations of numerical signals, existing evaluation methods are limited: reference based similarity metrics and consistency checking models require ground truth explanations, while traditional…
- Reasoning or Rhetoric? An Empirical Analysis of Moral Reasoning Explanations in Large Language Models
Aryan Kasat, Smriti Singh, Aman Chadha, Vinija Jain · Mar 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As Judge Long Horizon
Using an LLM-as-judge scoring pipeline validated across three judge models, we classify more than 600 responses from 13 LLMs spanning a range of architectures, parameter scales, and training regimes across six classical moral dilemmas, and…
- Label Effects: Shared Heuristic Reliance in Trust Assessment by Humans and LLM-as-a-Judge
Xin Sun, Di Wu, Sijing Qin, Isao Echizen, Abdallah El Ali · Apr 7, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Llm As Judge
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated evaluators (LLM-as-a-Judge).
- Text-to-Stage: Spatial Layouts from Long-form Narratives
Jefferson Hernandez, Swarnadeep Saha, Chenxi Whitehouse, Sanjeel Parekh, Calvin Murdock · Mar 18, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Llm As Judge
In this work, we probe the ability of a language model to demonstrate spatial reasoning from unstructured text, mimicking human capabilities and automating a process that benefits many downstream media applications.
- Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Multimodal LLM-as-a-Judge
Junjie Wu, Xuan Kan, Zihao He, Shunwen Tan, Bo Pan · Mar 12, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Llm As Judge
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been widely adopted as MLLM-as-a-Judges due to their strong alignment with human judgment across various visual tasks.
- AutoChecklist: Composable Pipelines for Checklist Generation and Scoring with LLM-as-a-Judge
Karen Zhou, Chenhao Tan · Mar 7, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Llm As Judge
Checklists have emerged as a popular approach for interpretable and fine-grained evaluation, particularly with LLM-as-a-Judge.
- Multi-Agent Dialectical Refinement for Enhanced Argument Classification
Jakub Bąba, Jarosław A. Chudziak · Mar 29, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics Multi Agent
We introduce MAD-ACC (Multi-Agent Debate for Argument Component Classification), a framework that leverages dialectical refinement to resolve classification uncertainty.
- The Emergence of Lab-Driven Alignment Signatures: A Psychometric Framework for Auditing Latent Bias and Compounding Risk in Generative AI
Dusan Bosnjakovic · Feb 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics Multi Agent
As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from standalone chat interfaces to foundational reasoning layers in multi-agent systems and recursive evaluation loops (LLM-as-a-judge), the detection of durable, provider-level behavioral…
- Multi-Agent LLMs for Generating Research Limitations
Ibrahim Al Azher, Zhishuai Guo, Hamed Alhoori · Dec 30, 2025 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics Multi Agent
We propose, a multi-agent LLM framework for generating substantive limitations.
- Weakly Supervised Distillation of Hallucination Signals into Transformer Representations
Shoaib Sadiq Salehmohamed, Jinal Prashant Thakkar, Hansika Aredla, Shaik Mohammed Omar, Shalmali Ayachit · Apr 7, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
We introduce a weak supervision framework that combines three complementary grounding signals: substring matching, sentence embedding similarity, and an LLM as a judge verdict to label generated responses as grounded or hallucinated without…
- Reward Prediction with Factorized World States
Yijun Shen, Delong Chen, Xianming Hu, Jiaming Mi, Hongbo Zhao · Mar 10, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeSimulation Env
We evaluate on RewardPrediction, a new benchmark dataset spanning five diverse domains and comprising 2,454 unique action-observation trajectories with step-wise ground-truth rewards.
- ThaiSafetyBench: Assessing Language Model Safety in Thai Cultural Contexts
Trapoom Ukarapol, Nut Chukamphaeng, Kunat Pipatanakul, Pakhapoom Sarapat · Mar 5, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Using ThaiSafetyBench, we evaluate 24 LLMs, with GPT-4.1 and Gemini-2.5-Pro serving as LLM-as-a-judge evaluators.
- From XAI to Stories: A Factorial Study of LLM-Generated Explanation Quality
Fabian Lukassen, Jan Herrmann, Christoph Weisser, Benjamin Saefken, Thomas Kneib · Jan 5, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Using G-Eval, an LLM-as-a-judge evaluation method, with dual LLM judges and four evaluation criteria, we evaluate 660 explanations for time-series forecasting.
- Appear2Meaning: A Cross-Cultural Benchmark for Structured Cultural Metadata Inference from Images
Yuechen Jiang, Enze Zhang, Md Mohsinul Kabir, Qianqian Xie, Stavroula Golfomitsou · Apr 8, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
We introduce a multi-category, cross-cultural benchmark for this task and evaluate VLMs using an LLM-as-Judge framework that measures semantic alignment with reference annotations.
- Overton Pluralistic Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
Yu Fu, Seongho Son, Ilija Bogunovic · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Existing alignment paradigms remain limited in capturing the pluralistic nature of human values.
- Stop-Think-AutoRegress: Language Modeling with Latent Diffusion Planning
Justin Lovelace, Christian Belardi, Sofian Zalouk, Adhitya Polavaram, Srivatsa Kundurthy · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Evaluations show STAR-LDM significantly outperforms similar-sized models on language understanding benchmarks and achieves >70\% win rates in LLM-as-judge comparisons for narrative coherence and commonsense reasoning.
- Luna-2: Scalable Single-Token Evaluation with Small Language Models
Vatsal Goel, Rishon Dsouza, Nikhil Ega, Amey Ramesh Rambatla, Rob Friel · Feb 20, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
We present Luna-2, a novel architecture that leverages decoder-only small language models (SLMs) into a deterministic evaluation model to reliably compute complex task-specific LLMAJ metrics (e.g.
- Can Small Language Models Handle Context-Summarized Multi-Turn Customer-Service QA? A Synthetic Data-Driven Comparative Evaluation
Lakshan Cooray, Deshan Sumanathilaka, Pattigadapa Venkatesh Raju · Jan 31, 2026 · Citations: 0
Human EvalLlm As Judge
Nine instruction-tuned low-parameterized SLMs are evaluated against three commercial LLMs using lexical and semantic similarity metrics alongside qualitative assessments, including human evaluation and LLM-as-a-judge methods.
- CAST: Character-and-Scene Episodic Memory for Agents
Kexin Ma, Bojun Li, Yuhua Tang, Liting Sun, Ruochun Jin · Jan 14, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics
Episodic memory is a central component of human memory, which refers to the ability to recall coherent events grounded in who, when, and where.
- Eval4Sim: An Evaluation Framework for Persona Simulation
Eliseo Bao, Anxo Perez, Xi Wang, Javier Parapar · Mar 3, 2026 · Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeSimulation Env
Large Language Model (LLM) personas with explicit specifications of attributes, background, and behavioural tendencies are increasingly used to simulate human conversations for tasks such as user modeling, social reasoning, and behavioural…