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Emulating Clinician Cognition via Self-Evolving Deep Clinical Research

Ruiyang Ren, Yuhao Wang, Yunsen Liang, Lan Luo, Jing Liu, Haifeng Wang, Cong Feng, Yinan Zhang, Chunyan Miao, Ji-Rong Wen, Wayne Xin Zhao · Mar 11, 2026 · Citations: 0

Automatic Metrics Expert Verification Medicine
Open arXiv Find Implementation RSS feed Shortlist (0)

How to use this page

Moderate trust

Use this for comparison and orientation, not as your only source.

Best use

Secondary protocol comparison source

What to verify

Validate the evaluation procedure and quality controls in the full paper before operational use.

Evidence quality

Moderate

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Abstract

Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation. Yet most current artificial intelligence (AI) systems are misaligned with this reality, treating diagnosis as single-pass retrospective prediction while lacking auditable mechanisms for governed improvement. We developed DxEvolve, a self-evolving diagnostic agent that bridges these gaps through an interactive deep clinical research workflow. The framework autonomously requisitions examinations and continually externalizes clinical experience from increasing encounter exposure as diagnostic cognition primitives. On the MIMIC-CDM benchmark, DxEvolve improved diagnostic accuracy by 11.2% on average over backbone models and reached 90.4% on a reader-study subset, comparable to the clinician reference (88.8%). DxEvolve improved accuracy on an independent external cohort by 10.2% (categories covered by the source cohort) and 17.1% (uncovered categories) compared to the competitive method. By transforming experience into a governable learning asset, DxEvolve supports an accountable pathway for the continual evolution of clinical AI.

Should You Rely On This Paper?

This paper has useful evaluation signal, but protocol completeness is partial; pair it with related papers before deciding implementation strategy.

Best use

Secondary protocol comparison source

Use if you need

A secondary eval reference to pair with stronger protocol papers.

Main weakness

No major weakness surfaced.

Trust level

Moderate

Usefulness score

65/100 • Medium

Useful as a secondary reference; validate protocol details against neighboring papers.

Human Feedback Signal

Detected

Evaluation Signal

Detected

Usefulness for eval research

Moderate-confidence candidate

Extraction confidence 70%

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here:

Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub Tool-Use Eval Hub

What We Could Verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

strong

Expert Verification

Directly usable for protocol triage.

"Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation."

Evaluation Modes

strong

Automatic Metrics

Includes extracted eval setup.

"Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation."

Reported Metrics

strong

Accuracy

Useful for evaluation criteria comparison.

"On the MIMIC-CDM benchmark, DxEvolve improved diagnostic accuracy by 11.2% on average over backbone models and reached 90.4% on a reader-study subset, comparable to the clinician reference (88.8%)."

Rater Population

strong

Domain Experts

Helpful for staffing comparability.

"Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation."

Human Feedback Details

  • Uses human feedback: Yes
  • Feedback types: Expert Verification
  • Rater population: Domain Experts
  • Expertise required: Medicine

Evaluation Details

  • Evaluation modes: Automatic Metrics
  • Agentic eval: None
  • Quality controls: Not reported
  • Evidence quality: Moderate
  • Use this page as: Secondary protocol comparison source

Protocol And Measurement Signals

Benchmarks / Datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported Metrics

accuracy

Research Brief

Metadata summary

Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key Takeaways

  • Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation.
  • Yet most current artificial intelligence (AI) systems are misaligned with this reality, treating diagnosis as single-pass retrospective prediction while lacking auditable mechanisms for governed improvement.
  • We developed DxEvolve, a self-evolving diagnostic agent that bridges these gaps through an interactive deep clinical research workflow.

Researcher Actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Validate inferred eval signals (Automatic metrics) against the full paper.
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended Queries

Accuracy

Research Summary

Contribution Summary

  • We developed DxEvolve, a self-evolving diagnostic agent that bridges these gaps through an interactive deep clinical research workflow.
  • On the MIMIC-CDM benchmark, DxEvolve improved diagnostic accuracy by 11.2% on average over backbone models and reached 90.4% on a reader-study subset, comparable to the clinician reference (88.8%).
  • DxEvolve improved accuracy on an independent external cohort by 10.2% (categories covered by the source cohort) and 17.1% (uncovered categories) compared to the competitive method.

Why It Matters For Eval

  • We developed DxEvolve, a self-evolving diagnostic agent that bridges these gaps through an interactive deep clinical research workflow.
  • On the MIMIC-CDM benchmark, DxEvolve improved diagnostic accuracy by 11.2% on average over backbone models and reached 90.4% on a reader-study subset, comparable to the clinician reference (88.8%).

Researcher Checklist

  • Pass: Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Expert Verification

  • Pass: Evaluation mode is explicit

    Detected: Automatic Metrics

  • Gap: Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Gap: Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Pass: Metric reporting is present

    Detected: accuracy

Related Papers

Papers are ranked by protocol overlap, extraction signal alignment, and semantic proximity.

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