Skip to content
OpenTrain AIFor AI Companies

HFEPX · Eval paper review

In-Context Learning in Speech Language Models: Analyzing the Role of Acoustic Features, Linguistic Structure, and Induction Heads

Charlotte Pouw, Hosein Mohebbi, Afra Alishahi, Willem Zuidema

Published

Apr 7, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

40/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

45% (Low)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Apr 7, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Main weakness

The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.

Human feedback signal
Detected
From extracted signals
Evaluation signal
Weak or implicit
Validate from full paper
Usefulness for eval research
40/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Abstract

In-Context Learning (ICL) has been extensively studied in text-only Language Models, but remains largely unexplored in the speech domain. Here, we investigate how linguistic and acoustic features affect ICL in Speech Language Models. We focus on the Text-to-Speech (TTS) task, which allows us to analyze ICL from two angles: (1) how accurately the model infers the task from the demonstrations (i.e., generating the correct spoken content), and (2) to what extent the model mimics the acoustic characteristics of the demonstration speech in its output. We find that speaking rate strongly affects ICL performance and is also mimicked in the output, whereas pitch range and intensity have little impact on performance and are not consistently reproduced. Finally, we investigate the role of induction heads in speech-based ICL and show that these heads play a causal role: ablating the top-k induction heads completely removes the model's ICL ability, mirroring findings from text-based ICL.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

partial

Demonstrations

Directly usable for protocol triage.

"We focus on the Text-to-Speech (TTS) task, which allows us to analyze ICL from two angles: (1) how accurately the model infers the task from the demonstrations (i.e., generating the correct spoken content), and (2) to what extent the model mimics the acoustic characteristics of the demonstration speech in its output."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"In-Context Learning (ICL) has been extensively studied in text-only Language Models, but remains largely unexplored in the speech domain."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"In-Context Learning (ICL) has been extensively studied in text-only Language Models, but remains largely unexplored in the speech domain."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"In-Context Learning (ICL) has been extensively studied in text-only Language Models, but remains largely unexplored in the speech domain."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"In-Context Learning (ICL) has been extensively studied in text-only Language Models, but remains largely unexplored in the speech domain."

Benchmarks and datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
Yes
Feedback types
Demonstrations
Rater population
Not reported
Expertise required
General
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
None
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Low
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

In-Context Learning (ICL) has been extensively studied in text-only Language Models, but remains largely unexplored in the speech domain.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • In-Context Learning (ICL) has been extensively studied in text-only Language Models, but remains largely unexplored in the speech domain.
  • Here, we investigate how linguistic and acoustic features affect ICL in Speech Language Models.
  • We focus on the Text-to-Speech (TTS) task, which allows us to analyze ICL from two angles: (1) how accurately the model infers the task from the demonstrations (i.e., generating the correct spoken content), and (2) to what extent the model mimics the acoustic characteristics of the demonstration speech in its output.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Contribution summary

  • In-Context Learning (ICL) has been extensively studied in text-only Language Models, but remains largely unexplored in the speech domain.
  • Here, we investigate how linguistic and acoustic features affect ICL in Speech Language Models.
  • We focus on the Text-to-Speech (TTS) task, which allows us to analyze ICL from two angles: (1) how accurately the model infers the task from the demonstrations (i.e., generating the correct spoken content), and (2) to what extent the model…

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Demonstrations

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.