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Online Safety Monitoring for LLMs

Mona Schirmer, Metod Jazbec, Alexander Timans, Christian Naesseth, Maja Waldron, Eric Nalisnick · Jul 2, 2026 · Citations: 0

Math Red Team
Open arXiv Find Implementation RSS feed Shortlist (0)

How to use this page

Low trust

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Evidence quality

Low

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Abstract

Despite alignment training, LLMs remain prone to generating unsafe outputs at deployment time. Monitoring outputs online and raising an alarm when safety can no longer be assumed is therefore critical. We study a simple real-time monitor that turns a verifier signal from an external model into an alarm decision by thresholding, with the threshold calibrated via risk control. In experiments on mathematical reasoning and red teaming datasets, we show that this simple design is competitive with more advanced monitors based on sequential hypothesis testing.

Low-signal caution for protocol decisions

Use this page for context, then validate protocol choices against stronger HFEPX references before implementation decisions.

  • The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.
  • The abstract does not clearly describe the evaluation setup.
  • The abstract does not clearly name benchmarks or metrics.
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Should You Rely On This Paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

Main weakness

The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

40/100 • Low

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Human Feedback Signal

Detected

Evaluation Signal

Weak / implicit signal

Usefulness for eval research

Adjacent candidate

Extraction confidence 45%

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here:

Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub Tool-Use Eval Hub

What We Could Verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

partial

Red Team

Directly usable for protocol triage.

"Despite alignment training, LLMs remain prone to generating unsafe outputs at deployment time."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Despite alignment training, LLMs remain prone to generating unsafe outputs at deployment time."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Despite alignment training, LLMs remain prone to generating unsafe outputs at deployment time."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Despite alignment training, LLMs remain prone to generating unsafe outputs at deployment time."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Despite alignment training, LLMs remain prone to generating unsafe outputs at deployment time."

Human Feedback Details

  • Uses human feedback: Yes
  • Feedback types: Red Team
  • Rater population: Not reported
  • Expertise required: Math

Evaluation Details

  • Evaluation modes:
  • Agentic eval: None
  • Quality controls: Not reported
  • Evidence quality: Low
  • Use this page as: Background context only

Protocol And Measurement Signals

Benchmarks / Datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported Metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Research Brief

Metadata summary

Despite alignment training, LLMs remain prone to generating unsafe outputs at deployment time.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key Takeaways

  • Despite alignment training, LLMs remain prone to generating unsafe outputs at deployment time.
  • Monitoring outputs online and raising an alarm when safety can no longer be assumed is therefore critical.
  • We study a simple real-time monitor that turns a verifier signal from an external model into an alarm decision by thresholding, with the threshold calibrated via risk control.

Researcher Actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended Queries

Research Summary

Contribution Summary

  • Monitoring outputs online and raising an alarm when safety can no longer be assumed is therefore critical.
  • In experiments on mathematical reasoning and red teaming datasets, we show that this simple design is competitive with more advanced monitors based on sequential hypothesis testing.

Why It Matters For Eval

  • Monitoring outputs online and raising an alarm when safety can no longer be assumed is therefore critical.

Researcher Checklist

  • Pass: Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Red Team

  • Gap: Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Gap: Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Gap: Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Gap: Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.

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