Parametric Skills

Xuan Zhao, Haonan He, Qingyu Yang, Minglei Li, Jingqi Ye, Zelin Tan, Bo Wan, Peng Ye · Jun 29, 2026 · Citations: 0

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Evidence quality

Low

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Abstract

Since intelligence fundamentally relies on efficient skill acquisition (Chollet, 2019), the ability to leverage skills is critical. For LLMs, skills, manually authored or extracted from task trajectories, are textual recipes encoding mature problem-solving experience and are critical to agentic capabilities. Despite widespread deployment, their utility is limited by the model's ability to comprehend and follow skill instructions, especially under complex and long-context scenarios, where key instructions are difficult to locate and adhere to. To address this limitation, we propose ParametricSkills, a framework that can convert free-form textual skills into parameters at test time, enabling context-free skill exploitation. Specifically, we first construct a large-scale, high-quality skill library, and synthesize single-turn and multi-turn skill exploitation trajectories built around these skills with OpenCode. Using these data, we then train a hypernetwork that parameterizes both the skill content and the test-time exploitation methodology by receiving textual skills and converting them into LoRA adapters. Experimental results on six complex software engineering (SWE) subtasks demonstrate that, the proposed ParametricSkills averagely outperforms in-context learning by 6.44 points as judged by DeepSeek-V4-Flash, while also achieving significantly higher BERT Score and F1 score, confirming its effectiveness. Beyond performance, we further find that parametric skills, being inherently accumulative, offer a preliminary yet promising avenue toward test-time continual learning.

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This paper looks adjacent to evaluation work, but not like a strong protocol reference.
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Should You Rely On This Paper?

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Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A secondary eval reference to pair with stronger protocol papers.

Main weakness

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Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

0/100 • Low

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Human Feedback Signal

Not explicit in abstract metadata

Evaluation Signal

Detected

Usefulness for eval research

Adjacent candidate

Extraction confidence 35%

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What We Could Verify

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