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HFEPX · Eval paper review

Tucano 2 Cool: Better Open Source LLMs for Portuguese

Nicholas Kluge Corrêa, Aniket Sen, Shiza Fatimah, Sophia Falk +3 more

Published

Mar 3, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Moderate

Usefulness score

40/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

50% (Moderate)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Mar 3, 2026

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Coding Pairwise Preference Tool Use

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this for comparison and orientation, not as your only source.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A secondary eval reference to pair with stronger protocol papers.

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Main weakness

The abstract does not clearly name benchmarks or metrics.

Human feedback signal
Detected
From extracted signals
Evaluation signal
Detected
Eval setup described
Usefulness for eval research
40/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here

Human Eval Papers LLM-as-Judge Papers Pairwise Preference Papers Tool-Use Evaluation Search

Abstract

We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs. Following our previous works, we now extend our dataset, GigaVerbo-v2, to a new degree of quality and scale, while also introducing a new synthetic dataset, GigaVerbo-v2 Synth, aimed at filling missing gaps in GigaVerbo-v2, and two post-training datasets, GigaVerbo-v2 SFT and GigaVerbo-v2 Preferences, that allow Portuguese LLMs to be trained in domains like retrieval augmented generation, coding, tool use, chain-of-thought reasoning, and many other domains of interest. Through extensive ablation studies, we design both pretraining and continual pretraining recipes for the Tucano 2 suite (Base, Instruct, and Think), which achieve state-of-the-art performance on several Portuguese-language modeling benchmarks. We also extend and refine the evaluation harness introduced in our earlier work, yielding a comprehensive evaluation suite that provides strong signals across different pretraining, continual pretraining, and post-training regimes. All artifacts associated with Tucano 2 are openly released, including training recipes, logs, and source code, ensuring that our work is reproducible, accessible, and extendable by the broader Portuguese NLP community.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

strong

Pairwise Preference

Directly usable for protocol triage.

"We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs."

Benchmarks and datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
Yes
Feedback types
Pairwise Preference
Rater population
Not reported
Expertise required
Coding
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
Tool Use
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Moderate
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs.
  • Following our previous works, we now extend our dataset, GigaVerbo-v2, to a new degree of quality and scale, while also introducing a new synthetic dataset, GigaVerbo-v2 Synth, aimed at filling missing gaps in GigaVerbo-v2, and two post-training datasets, GigaVerbo-v2 SFT and GigaVerbo-v2 Preferences, that allow Portuguese LLMs to be trained in domains like retrieval augmented generation, coding, tool use, chain-of-thought reasoning, and many other domains of interest.
  • Through extensive ablation studies, we design both pretraining and continual pretraining recipes for the Tucano 2 suite (Base, Instruct, and Think), which achieve state-of-the-art performance on several Portuguese-language modeling benchmarks.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Validate inferred eval signals (Tool-use evaluation) against the full paper.
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended queries

Contribution summary

  • We present Tucano 2, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) with 0.5-3.7 billion parameters, designed to address certain gaps in open-source development for Portuguese LLMs.
  • Following our previous works, we now extend our dataset, GigaVerbo-v2, to a new degree of quality and scale, while also introducing a new synthetic dataset, GigaVerbo-v2 Synth, aimed at filling missing gaps in GigaVerbo-v2, and two…
  • Through extensive ablation studies, we design both pretraining and continual pretraining recipes for the Tucano 2 suite (Base, Instruct, and Think), which achieve state-of-the-art performance on several Portuguese-language modeling…

Why it matters for eval

  • Following our previous works, we now extend our dataset, GigaVerbo-v2, to a new degree of quality and scale, while also introducing a new synthetic dataset, GigaVerbo-v2 Synth, aimed at filling missing gaps in GigaVerbo-v2, and two…
  • Through extensive ablation studies, we design both pretraining and continual pretraining recipes for the Tucano 2 suite (Base, Instruct, and Think), which achieve state-of-the-art performance on several Portuguese-language modeling…

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Pairwise Preference

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.