Self-Aware Vector Embeddings for Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Neuroscience-Inspired Framework for Temporal, Confidence-Weighted, and Relational Knowledge

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Abstract

Modern retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems treat vector embeddings as static, context-free artifacts: an embedding has no notion of when it was created, how trustworthy its source is, or which other embeddings depend on it. This flattening of knowledge has a measurable cost: recent work on VersionRAG reports that conventional RAG achieves only 58% accuracy on versioned technical queries, because retrieval returns semantically similar but temporally invalid content. We propose SmartVector, a framework that augments dense embeddings with three explicit properties -- temporal awareness, confidence decay, and relational awareness -- and a five-stage lifecycle modeled on hippocampal-neocortical memory consolidation. A retrieval pipeline replaces pure cosine similarity with a four-signal score that mixes semantic relevance, temporal validity, live confidence, and graph-relational importance. A background consolidation agent detects contradictions, builds dependency edges, and propagates updates along those edges as graph-neural-network-style messages. Confidence is governed by a closed-form function combining an Ebbinghaus-style exponential decay, user-feedback reconsolidation, and logarithmic access reinforcement. We formalize the model, relate it to temporal knowledge graph embedding, agentic memory architectures, and uncertainty-aware RAG, and present a reference implementation. On a reproducible synthetic versioned-policy benchmark of 258 vectors and 138 queries, SmartVector roughly doubles top-1 accuracy over plain cosine RAG (62.0% vs. 31.0% on a held-out split), drops stale-answer rate from 35.0% to 13.3%, cuts Expected Calibration Error by nearly 2x (0.244 vs. 0.470), reduces re-embedding cost per single-word edit by 77%, and is robust across contradiction-injection rates from 0% to 75%.