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HFEPX · Eval paper review

LED: A Benchmark for Evaluating Layout Error Detection in Document Analysis

Inbum Heo, Taewook Hwang, Jeesu Jung, Sangkeun Jung

Published

Mar 18, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

37/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

45% (Low)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Mar 18, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A secondary eval reference to pair with stronger protocol papers.

What to verify

Validate the evaluation procedure and quality controls in the full paper before operational use.

Main weakness

The available metadata is too thin to trust this as a primary source.

Human feedback signal
Not explicit
Not explicit in abstract metadata
Evaluation signal
Detected
Eval setup described
Usefulness for eval research
37/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Abstract

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have improved Document Layout Analysis (DLA), yet structural errors such as region merging, splitting, and omission remain persistent. Conventional overlap-based metrics (e.g., IoU, mAP) fail to capture such logical inconsistencies. To overcome this limitation, we propose Layout Error Detection (LED), a benchmark that evaluates structural reasoning in DLA predictions beyond surface-level accuracy. LED defines eight standardized error types (Missing, Hallucination, Size Error, Split, Merge, Overlap, Duplicate, and Misclassification) and provides quantitative rules and injection algorithms for realistic error simulation. Using these definitions, we construct LED-Dataset and design three evaluation tasks: document-level error detection, document-level error-type classification, and element-level error-type classification. Experiments with state-of-the-art multimodal models show that LED enables fine-grained and interpretable assessment of structural understanding, revealing clear weaknesses across modalities and architectures. Overall, LED establishes a unified and explainable benchmark for diagnosing the structural robustness and reasoning capability of document understanding models.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

missing

None explicit

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

"Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have improved Document Layout Analysis (DLA), yet structural errors such as region merging, splitting, and omission remain persistent."

Evaluation Modes

partial

Automatic Metrics, Simulation Env

Includes extracted eval setup.

"Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have improved Document Layout Analysis (DLA), yet structural errors such as region merging, splitting, and omission remain persistent."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have improved Document Layout Analysis (DLA), yet structural errors such as region merging, splitting, and omission remain persistent."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have improved Document Layout Analysis (DLA), yet structural errors such as region merging, splitting, and omission remain persistent."

Reported Metrics

partial

Accuracy, Iou

Useful for evaluation criteria comparison.

"Conventional overlap-based metrics (e.g., IoU, mAP) fail to capture such logical inconsistencies."

Benchmarks and datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported metrics

accuracyiou
Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
No
Feedback types
None
Rater population
Not reported
Expertise required
General
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
Automatic Metrics, Simulation Env
Agentic eval
None
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Low
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have improved Document Layout Analysis (DLA), yet structural errors such as region merging, splitting, and omission remain persistent.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have improved Document Layout Analysis (DLA), yet structural errors such as region merging, splitting, and omission remain persistent.
  • Conventional overlap-based metrics (e.g., IoU, mAP) fail to capture such logical inconsistencies.
  • To overcome this limitation, we propose Layout Error Detection (LED), a benchmark that evaluates structural reasoning in DLA predictions beyond surface-level accuracy.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Validate inferred eval signals (Automatic metrics, Simulation environment) against the full paper.
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended queries

Contribution summary

  • To overcome this limitation, we propose Layout Error Detection (LED), a benchmark that evaluates structural reasoning in DLA predictions beyond surface-level accuracy.
  • Using these definitions, we construct LED-Dataset and design three evaluation tasks: document-level error detection, document-level error-type classification, and element-level error-type classification.
  • Overall, LED establishes a unified and explainable benchmark for diagnosing the structural robustness and reasoning capability of document understanding models.

Why it matters for eval

  • To overcome this limitation, we propose Layout Error Detection (LED), a benchmark that evaluates structural reasoning in DLA predictions beyond surface-level accuracy.
  • Using these definitions, we construct LED-Dataset and design three evaluation tasks: document-level error detection, document-level error-type classification, and element-level error-type classification.

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    No explicit human feedback protocol detected.

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    Detected: Automatic Metrics, Simulation Env

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Metric reporting is present

    Detected: accuracy, iou