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Gender Bias in MT for a Genderless Language: New Benchmarks for Basque

Amaia Murillo, Olatz-Perez-de-Viñaspre, Naiara Perez · Mar 9, 2026 · Citations: 0

Multilingual Pairwise Preference
Open arXiv Find Implementation RSS feed Shortlist (0)

Data freshness

Extraction: Fresh

Check recency before relying on this page for active eval decisions. Use stale pages as context and verify against current hub results.

Metadata refreshed

Mar 9, 2026, 9:35 AM

Recent

Extraction refreshed

Mar 14, 2026, 5:06 AM

Fresh

Extraction source

Persisted extraction

Confidence 0.45

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) and machine translation (MT) systems are increasingly used in our daily lives, but their outputs can reproduce gender bias present in the training data. Most resources for evaluating such biases are designed for English and reflect its sociocultural context, which limits their applicability to other languages. This work addresses this gap by introducing two new datasets to evaluate gender bias in translations involving Basque, a low-resource and genderless language. WinoMTeus adapts the WinoMT benchmark to examine how gender-neutral Basque occupations are translated into gendered languages such as Spanish and French. FLORES+Gender, in turn, extends the FLORES+ benchmark to assess whether translation quality varies when translating from gendered languages (Spanish and English) into Basque depending on the gender of the referent. We evaluate several general-purpose LLMs and open and proprietary MT systems. The results reveal a systematic preference for masculine forms and, in some models, a slightly higher quality for masculine referents. Overall, these findings show that gender bias is still deeply rooted in these models, and highlight the need to develop evaluation methods that consider both linguistic features and cultural context.

Low-signal caution for protocol decisions

Use this page for context, then validate protocol choices against stronger HFEPX references before implementation decisions.

  • Extraction confidence is 0.45 (below strong-reference threshold).
  • No explicit evaluation mode was extracted from available metadata.
  • No benchmark/dataset or metric anchors were extracted.
Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub

HFEPX Relevance Assessment

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

Main weakness

Extraction confidence is 0.45 (below strong-reference threshold).

Trust level

Low

Eval-Fit Score

40/100 • Low

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Human Feedback Signal

Detected

Evaluation Signal

Weak / implicit signal

HFEPX Fit

Adjacent candidate

Extraction confidence: Low

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here:

Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub Tool-Use Eval Hub

Field Provenance & Confidence

Each key protocol field shows extraction state, confidence band, and data source so you can decide whether to trust it directly or validate from full text.

Human Feedback Types

partial

Pairwise Preference

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction evidenced

Directly usable for protocol triage.

Evidence snippet: Large language models (LLMs) and machine translation (MT) systems are increasingly used in our daily lives, but their outputs can reproduce gender bias present in the training data.

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

Validate eval design from full paper text.

Evidence snippet: Large language models (LLMs) and machine translation (MT) systems are increasingly used in our daily lives, but their outputs can reproduce gender bias present in the training data.

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

No explicit QC controls found.

Evidence snippet: Large language models (LLMs) and machine translation (MT) systems are increasingly used in our daily lives, but their outputs can reproduce gender bias present in the training data.

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

No benchmark anchors detected.

Evidence snippet: Large language models (LLMs) and machine translation (MT) systems are increasingly used in our daily lives, but their outputs can reproduce gender bias present in the training data.

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

No metric anchors detected.

Evidence snippet: Large language models (LLMs) and machine translation (MT) systems are increasingly used in our daily lives, but their outputs can reproduce gender bias present in the training data.

Rater Population

missing

Unknown

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

Rater source not explicitly reported.

Evidence snippet: Large language models (LLMs) and machine translation (MT) systems are increasingly used in our daily lives, but their outputs can reproduce gender bias present in the training data.

Human Data Lens

  • Uses human feedback: Yes
  • Feedback types: Pairwise Preference
  • Rater population: Unknown
  • Unit of annotation: Unknown
  • Expertise required: Multilingual
  • Extraction source: Persisted extraction

Evaluation Lens

  • Evaluation modes:
  • Agentic eval: None
  • Quality controls: Not reported
  • Confidence: 0.45
  • Flags: ambiguous

Protocol And Measurement Signals

Benchmarks / Datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported Metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Research Brief

Deterministic synthesis

WinoMTeus adapts the WinoMT benchmark to examine how gender-neutral Basque occupations are translated into gendered languages such as Spanish and French. HFEPX signals include Pairwise Preference with confidence 0.45. Updated from current HFEPX corpus.

Generated Mar 14, 2026, 5:06 AM · Grounded in abstract + metadata only

Key Takeaways

  • WinoMTeus adapts the WinoMT benchmark to examine how gender-neutral Basque occupations are translated into gendered languages such as Spanish and French.
  • FLORES+Gender, in turn, extends the FLORES+ benchmark to assess whether translation quality varies when translating from gendered languages (Spanish and English) into Basque…

Researcher Actions

  • Compare its human-feedback setup against pairwise and rubric hubs.
  • Identify benchmark choices from full text before operationalizing conclusions.
  • Verify metric definitions before comparing against your eval pipeline.

Caveats

  • Generated from title, abstract, and extracted metadata only; full-paper implementation details are not parsed.
  • Extraction confidence is probabilistic and should be validated for critical decisions.

Research Summary

Contribution Summary

  • WinoMTeus adapts the WinoMT benchmark to examine how gender-neutral Basque occupations are translated into gendered languages such as Spanish and French.
  • FLORES+Gender, in turn, extends the FLORES+ benchmark to assess whether translation quality varies when translating from gendered languages (Spanish and English) into Basque depending on the gender of the referent.
  • We evaluate several general-purpose LLMs and open and proprietary MT systems.

Why It Matters For Eval

  • WinoMTeus adapts the WinoMT benchmark to examine how gender-neutral Basque occupations are translated into gendered languages such as Spanish and French.
  • FLORES+Gender, in turn, extends the FLORES+ benchmark to assess whether translation quality varies when translating from gendered languages (Spanish and English) into Basque depending on the gender of the referent.

Researcher Checklist

  • Pass: Human feedback protocol is explicit

    Detected: Pairwise Preference

  • Gap: Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Gap: Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Gap: Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Gap: Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.

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