- GUI-Libra: Training Native GUI Agents to Reason and Act with Action-aware Supervision and Partially Verifiable RL
Rui Yang, Qianhui Wu, Zhaoyang Wang, Hanyang Chen, Ke Yang · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Open-source native GUI agents still lag behind closed-source systems on long-horizon navigation tasks.
- SWE-Protégé: Learning to Selectively Collaborate With an Expert Unlocks Small Language Models as Software Engineering Agents
Patrick Tser Jern Kon, Archana Pradeep, Ang Chen, Alexander P. Ellis, Warren Hunt · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Our approach combines supervised fine-tuning on expert-augmented trajectories with agentic reinforcement learning that explicitly discourages degenerative looping and unproductive expert collaboration.
- D-COT: Disciplined Chain-of-Thought Learning for Efficient Reasoning in Small Language Models
Shunsuke Ubukata · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Chain-of-Thought (CoT) distillation from Large Language Models (LLMs) often induces "overthinking" in Small Language Models (SLMs), leading to performance degradation and excessive token consumption.
- Hierarchical LLM-Based Multi-Agent Framework with Prompt Optimization for Multi-Robot Task Planning
Tomoya Kawabe, Rin Takano · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
We present a hierarchical multi-agent LLM-based planner with prompt optimization: an upper layer decomposes tasks and assigns them to lower-layer agents, which generate PDDL problems solved by a classical planner.
- Self-Correcting VLA: Online Action Refinement via Sparse World Imagination
Chenyv Liu, Wentao Tan, Lei Zhu, Fengling Li, Jingjing Li · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
Reinforcement learning enhances physical grounding through exploration yet typically relies on external reward signals that remain isolated from the agent's internal states.
- Structurally Aligned Subtask-Level Memory for Software Engineering Agents
Kangning Shen, Jingyuan Zhang, Chenxi Sun, Wencong Zeng, Yang Yue · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential as autonomous software engineering (SWE) agents.
- ARLArena: A Unified Framework for Stable Agentic Reinforcement Learning
Xiaoxuan Wang, Han Zhang, Haixin Wang, Yidan Shi, Ruoyan Li · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
Agentic reinforcement learning (ARL) has rapidly gained attention as a promising paradigm for training agents to solve complex, multi-step interactive tasks.
- LiLo-VLA: Compositional Long-Horizon Manipulation via Linked Object-Centric Policies
Yue Yang, Shuo Cheng, Yu Fang, Homanga Bharadhwaj, Mingyu Ding · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
We introduce a 21-task simulation benchmark consisting of two challenging suites: LIBERO-Long++ and Ultra-Long.
- VecGlypher: Unified Vector Glyph Generation with Language Models
Xiaoke Huang, Bhavul Gauri, Kam Woh Ng, Tony Ng, Mengmeng Xu · Feb 25, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
On cross-family OOD evaluation, VecGlypher substantially outperforms both general-purpose LLMs and specialized vector-font baselines for text-only generation, while image-referenced generation reaches a state-of-the-art performance, with ma
- Provably Safe Generative Sampling with Constricting Barrier Functions
Darshan Gadginmath, Ahmed Allibhoy, Fabio Pasqualetti · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
However, a critical gap remains for their deployment in safety-critical domains: the lack of formal guarantees that generated samples will satisfy hard constraints.
- A Hierarchical Multi-Agent System for Autonomous Discovery in Geoscientific Data Archives
Dmitrii Pantiukhin, Ivan Kuznetsov, Boris Shapkin, Antonia Anna Jost, Thomas Jung · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Here we present PANGAEA-GPT, a hierarchical multi-agent framework designed for autonomous data discovery and analysis.
- Learning from Trials and Errors: Reflective Test-Time Planning for Embodied LLMs
Yining Hong, Huang Huang, Manling Li, Li Fei-Fei, Jiajun Wu · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Drawing upon human reflective practitioners, we introduce Reflective Test-Time Planning, which integrates two modes of reflection: \textit{reflection-in-action}, where the agent uses test-time scaling to generate and score multiple candidat
- Efficient Hierarchical Any-Angle Path Planning on Multi-Resolution 3D Grids
Victor Reijgwart, Cesar Cadena, Roland Siegwart, Lionel Ott · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
Hierarchical, multi-resolution volumetric mapping approaches are widely used to represent large and complex environments as they can efficiently capture their occupancy and connectivity information.
- SELAUR: Self Evolving LLM Agent via Uncertainty-aware Rewards
Dengjia Zhang, Xiaoou Liu, Lu Cheng, Yaqing Wang, Kenton Murray · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as multi-step decision-making agents, where effective reward design is essential for guiding learning.
- A Benchmark for Deep Information Synthesis
Debjit Paul, Daniel Murphy, Milan Gritta, Ronald Cardenas, Victor Prokhorov · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Human EvalAutomatic Metrics Tool Use
Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly used to solve complex tasks involving tool use, such as web browsing, code execution, and data analysis.
- SoK: Agentic Skills -- Beyond Tool Use in LLM Agents
Yanna Jiang, Delong Li, Haiyu Deng, Baihe Ma, Xu Wang · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Tool Use
Agentic systems increasingly rely on reusable procedural capabilities, \textit{a.k.a., agentic skills}, to execute long-horizon workflows reliably.
- ToolMATH: A Math Tool Benchmark for Realistic Long-Horizon Multi-Tool Reasoning
Hyeonje Choi, Jeongsoo Lee, Hyojun Lee, Jay-Yoon Lee · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
We introduce \ToolMATH, a math-grounded benchmark that evaluates tool-augmented language models in realistic multi-tool environments where the output depends on calling schema-specified tools and sustaining multi-step execution.
- Onboard-Targeted Segmentation of Straylight in Space Camera Sensors
Riccardo Gallon, Fabian Schiemenz, Alessandra Menicucci, Eberhard Gill · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Web Browsing
This study details an artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodology for the semantic segmentation of space camera faults.
- ICON: Indirect Prompt Injection Defense for Agents based on Inference-Time Correction
Che Wang, Fuyao Zhang, Jiaming Zhang, Ziqi Zhang, Yinghui Wang · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Large Language Model (LLM) agents are susceptible to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI) attacks, where malicious instructions in retrieved content hijack the agent's execution.
- Semantic Novelty at Scale: Narrative Shape Taxonomy and Readership Prediction in 28,606 Books
W. Frederick Zimmerman · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
I introduce semantic novelty--cosine distance between each paragraph's sentence embedding and the running centroid of all preceding paragraphs--as an information-theoretic measure of narrative structure at corpus scale.
- GATES: Self-Distillation under Privileged Context with Consensus Gating
Alex Stein, Furong Huang, Tom Goldstein · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Held-out in-domain accuracy under asymmetric evaluation improves from 46.0\% to 62.0\%, and average (maj@8) accuracy on public document-free math benchmarks improves from 20.2\% to 35.4\%.
- Contextual Safety Reasoning and Grounding for Open-World Robots
Zachary Ravichandran, David Snyder, Alexander Robey, Hamed Hassani, Vijay Kumar · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Web Browsing
Traditional safety approaches enforce fixed constraints in user-specified contexts, limiting their ability to handle the open-ended contextual variability of real-world deployment.
- Continuous Telemonitoring of Heart Failure using Personalised Speech Dynamics
Yue Pan, Xingyao Wang, Hanyue Zhang, Liwei Liu, Changxin Li · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
The model's high sensitivity was further corroborated by additional follow-up data, confirming its efficacy in predicting HF deterioration and its potential to secure patient safety in remote, home-based settings.
- Classroom Final Exam: An Instructor-Tested Reasoning Benchmark
Chongyang Gao, Diji Yang, Shuyan Zhou, Xichen Yan, Luchuan Song · Feb 23, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
We introduce \CFE{} (\textbf{C}lassroom \textbf{F}inal \textbf{E}xam), a multimodal benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of large language models across more than 20 STEM domains.
- Anatomy of Agentic Memory: Taxonomy and Empirical Analysis of Evaluation and System Limitations
Dongming Jiang, Yi Li, Songtao Wei, Jinxin Yang, Ayushi Kishore · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Agentic memory systems enable large language model (LLM) agents to maintain state across long interactions, supporting long-horizon reasoning and personalization beyond fixed context windows.
- Learning to Reason for Multi-Step Retrieval of Personal Context in Personalized Question Answering
Maryam Amirizaniani, Alireza Salemi, Hamed Zamani · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Personalization in Question Answering (QA) requires answers that are both accurate and aligned with users' background, preferences, and historical context.
- VIGiA: Instructional Video Guidance via Dialogue Reasoning and Retrieval
Diogo Glória-Silva, David Semedo, João Maglhães · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Our evaluation shows that VIGiA outperforms existing state-of-the-art models on all tasks in a conversational plan guidance setting, reaching over 90\% accuracy on plan-aware VQA.
- AgenticRAGTracer: A Hop-Aware Benchmark for Diagnosing Multi-Step Retrieval Reasoning in Agentic RAG
Qijie You, Wenkai Yu, Wentao Zhang · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
With the rapid advancement of agent-based methods in recent years, Agentic RAG has undoubtedly become an important research direction.
- Do LLMs and VLMs Share Neurons for Inference? Evidence and Mechanisms of Cross-Modal Transfer
Chenhang Cui, An Zhang, Yuxin Chen, Gelei Deng, Jingnan Zheng · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Across diverse mathematics and perception benchmarks, SNRF consistently enhances LVLM inference performance while preserving perceptual capabilities.
- Capable but Unreliable: Canonical Path Deviation as a Causal Mechanism of Agent Failure in Long-Horizon Tasks
Wilson Y. Lee · Feb 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Why do language agents fail on tasks they are capable of solving?
- Watermarking LLM Agent Trajectories
Wenlong Meng, Chen Gong, Terry Yue Zhuo, Fan Zhang, Kecen Li · Feb 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
LLM agents rely heavily on high-quality trajectory data to guide their problem-solving behaviors, yet producing such data requires substantial task design, high-capacity model generation, and manual filtering.
- Semantic Substrate Theory: An Operator-Theoretic Framework for Geometric Semantic Drift
Stephen Russell · Feb 21, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Most semantic drift studies report multiple signals e.g., embedding displacement, neighbor changes, distributional divergence, and recursive trajectory instability, without a shared explanatory theory that relates them.
- Hierarchical Reward Design from Language: Enhancing Alignment of Agent Behavior with Human Specifications
Zhiqin Qian, Ryan Diaz, Sangwon Seo, Vaibhav Unhelkar · Feb 20, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
When training artificial intelligence (AI) to perform tasks, humans often care not only about whether a task is completed but also how it is performed.
- Mind the Style: Impact of Communication Style on Human-Chatbot Interaction
Erik Derner, Dalibor Kučera, Aditya Gulati, Ayoub Bagheri, Nuria Oliver · Feb 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Web Browsing
Conversational agents increasingly mediate everyday digital interactions, yet the effects of their communication style on user experience and task success remain unclear.
- Sink-Aware Pruning for Diffusion Language Models
Aidar Myrzakhan, Tianyi Li, Bowei Guo, Shengkun Tang, Zhiqiang Shen · Feb 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) incur high inference cost due to iterative denoising, motivating efficient pruning.
- Modeling Distinct Human Interaction in Web Agents
Faria Huq, Zora Zhiruo Wang, Zhanqiu Guo, Venu Arvind Arangarajan, Tianyue Ou · Feb 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics Web Browsing
Despite rapid progress in autonomous web agents, human involvement remains essential for shaping preferences and correcting agent behavior as tasks unfold.
- KLong: Training LLM Agent for Extremely Long-horizon Tasks
Yue Liu, Zhiyuan Hu, Flood Sung, Jiaheng Zhang, Bryan Hooi · Feb 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Rubric Rating Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
This paper introduces KLong, an open-source LLM agent trained to solve extremely long-horizon tasks.
- BankMathBench: A Benchmark for Numerical Reasoning in Banking Scenarios
Yunseung Lee, Subin Kim, Youngjun Kwak, Jaegul Choo · Feb 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
However, such errors have rarely been captured by existing benchmarks.
- Large Language Models Persuade Without Planning Theory of Mind
Jared Moore, Rasmus Overmark, Ned Cooper, Beba Cibralic, Nick Haber · Feb 19, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
A growing body of work attempts to evaluate the theory of mind (ToM) abilities of humans and large language models (LLMs) using static, non-interactive question-and-answer benchmarks.
- Creating a digital poet
Vered Tohar, Tsahi Hayat, Amir Leshem · Feb 18, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
In a blinded authorship test with 50 humanities students and graduates (three AI poems and three poems by well-known poets each), judgments were at chance: human poems were labeled human 54% of the time and AI poems 52%, with 95% confidence
- TabAgent: A Framework for Replacing Agentic Generative Components with Tabular-Textual Classifiers
Ido Levy, Eilam Shapira, Yinon Goldshtein, Avi Yaeli, Nir Mashkif · Feb 18, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Agentic systems, AI architectures that autonomously execute multi-step workflows to achieve complex goals, are often built using repeated large language model (LLM) calls for closed-set decision tasks such as routing, shortlisting, gating,
- MemoryArena: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Interdependent Multi-Session Agentic Tasks
Zexue He, Yu Wang, Churan Zhi, Yuanzhe Hu, Tzu-Ping Chen · Feb 18, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Simulation Env Web Browsing
Existing evaluations of agents with memory typically assess memorization and action in isolation.
- GLM-5: from Vibe Coding to Agentic Engineering
GLM-5-Team, :, Aohan Zeng, Xin Lv, Zhenyu Hou · Feb 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
We present GLM-5, a next-generation foundation model designed to transition the paradigm of vibe coding to agentic engineering.
- FrameRef: A Framing Dataset and Simulation Testbed for Modeling Bounded Rational Information Health
Victor De Lima, Jiqun Liu, Grace Hui Yang · Feb 17, 2026 · Citations: 0
Human EvalSimulation Env Long Horizon
Within this framework, we construct framing-sensitive agent personas by fine-tuning language models with framing-conditioned loss attenuation, inducing targeted biases while preserving overall task competence.
- OpaqueToolsBench: Learning Nuances of Tool Behavior Through Interaction
Skyler Hallinan, Thejas Venkatesh, Xiang Ren, Sai Praneeth Karimireddy, Ashwin Paranjape · Feb 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Tool Use
Tool-calling is essential for Large Language Model (LLM) agents to complete real-world tasks.
- A Geometric Analysis of Small-sized Language Model Hallucinations
Emanuele Ricco, Elia Onofri, Lorenzo Cima, Stefano Cresci, Roberto Di Pietro · Feb 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Hallucinations -- fluent but factually incorrect responses -- pose a major challenge to the reliability of language models, especially in multi-step or agentic settings.
- Unlocking Reasoning Capability on Machine Translation in Large Language Models
Sara Rajaee, Sebastian Vincent, Alexandre Berard, Marzieh Fadaee, Kelly Marchisio · Feb 16, 2026 · Citations: 0
Critique Edit Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
We systematically evaluate several open- and closed-weights RLMs on the WMT24++ benchmark and find that enabling explicit reasoning consistently degrades translation quality across languages and models.
- BrowseComp-$V^3$: A Visual, Vertical, and Verifiable Benchmark for Multimodal Browsing Agents
Huanyao Zhang, Jiepeng Zhou, Bo Li, Bowen Zhou, Yanzhe Shan · Feb 13, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic MetricsSimulation Env Web Browsing
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), equipped with increasingly advanced planning and tool-use capabilities, are evolving into autonomous agents capable of performing multimodal web browsing and deep search in open-world environments.
- PMG: Parameterized Motion Generator for Human-like Locomotion Control
Chenxi Han, Yuheng Min, Zihao Huang, Ao Hong, Hang Liu · Feb 13, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Recent advances in data-driven reinforcement learning and motion tracking have substantially improved humanoid locomotion, yet critical practical challenges remain.
- Think like a Scientist: Physics-guided LLM Agent for Equation Discovery
Jianke Yang, Ohm Venkatachalam, Mohammad Kianezhad, Sharvaree Vadgama, Rose Yu · Feb 12, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
We introduce KeplerAgent, an agentic framework that explicitly follows this scientific reasoning process.
- TSR: Trajectory-Search Rollouts for Multi-Turn RL of LLM Agents
Aladin Djuhera, Swanand Ravindra Kadhe, Farhan Ahmed, Heiko Ludwig, Holger Boche · Feb 12, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
Advances in large language models (LLMs) are driving a shift toward using reinforcement learning (RL) to train agents from iterative, multi-turn interactions across tasks.
- UI-Venus-1.5 Technical Report
Venus Team, Changlong Gao, Zhangxuan Gu, Yulin Liu, Xinyu Qiu · Feb 9, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
GUI agents have emerged as a powerful paradigm for automating interactions in digital environments, yet achieving both broad generality and consistently strong task performance remains challenging.
- AceGRPO: Adaptive Curriculum Enhanced Group Relative Policy Optimization for Autonomous Machine Learning Engineering
Yuzhu Cai, Zexi Liu, Xinyu Zhu, Cheng Wang, Siheng Chen · Feb 8, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Autonomous Machine Learning Engineering (MLE) requires agents to perform sustained, iterative optimization over long horizons.
- OmniRAG-Agent: Agentic Omnimodal Reasoning for Low-Resource Long Audio-Video Question Answering
Yifan Zhu, Xinyu Mu, Tao Feng, Zhonghong Ou, Yuning Gong · Feb 3, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Tool Use
To address these issues, we propose OmniRAG-Agent, an agentic omnimodal QA method for budgeted long audio-video reasoning.
- SWE-Master: Unleashing the Potential of Software Engineering Agents via Post-Training
Huatong Song, Lisheng Huang, Shuang Sun, Jinhao Jiang, Ran Le · Feb 3, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
In this technical report, we present SWE-Master, an open-source and fully reproducible post-training framework for building effective software engineering agents.
- What If We Allocate Test-Time Compute Adaptively?
Ahsan Bilal, Ahmed Mohsin, Muhammad Umer, Ali Subhan, Hassan Rizwan · Feb 1, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
For each problem, the agent runs multiple inference iterations.
- Embodied Task Planning via Graph-Informed Action Generation with Large Language Model
Xiang Li, Ning Yan, Masood Mortazavi · Jan 29, 2026 · Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon
While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong zero-shot reasoning capabilities, their deployment as embodied agents still faces fundamental challenges in long-horizon planning.
- INSURE-Dial: A Phase-Aware Conversational Dataset & Benchmark for Compliance Verification and Phase Detection
Shubham Kulkarni, Alexander Lyzhov, Preetam Joshi, Shiva Chaitanya · Jan 28, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Web Browsing
We introduce INSURE-Dial, to our knowledge the first public benchmark for developing and assessing compliance-aware voice agents for phase-aware call auditing with span-based compliance verification.
- Decoupling Strategy and Execution in Task-Focused Dialogue via Goal-Oriented Preference Optimization
Jingyi Xu, Xingyu Ren, Zhoupeng Shou, Yumeng Zhang, Zhiqiang You · Jan 24, 2026 · Citations: 0
Pairwise Preference Automatic Metrics Long Horizon
Large language models show potential in task-oriented dialogue systems, yet existing training methods often rely on token-level likelihood or preference optimization, which poorly align with long-horizon task success.
- Between Search and Platform: ChatGPT Under the DSA
Toni Lorente, Kathrin Gardhouse · Jan 22, 2026 · Citations: 0
Automatic Metrics Web Browsing
This article examines the applicability of the Digital Services Act (DSA) to ChatGPT, arguing that it should be classified as a hybrid of the two types of hosting services: online search engines and platforms.
