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Datasets for Verb Alternations across Languages: BLM Templates and Data Augmentation Strategies

Giuseppe Samo, Paola Merlo · Mar 16, 2026 · Citations: 0

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How to use this page

Provisional trust

This page is a lightweight research summary built from the abstract and metadata while deeper extraction catches up.

Best use

Background context only

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Evidence quality

Provisional

Derived from abstract and metadata only.

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored. In this work, we present curated paradigm-based datasets for four languages, designed to probe systematic cross-sentence knowledge of verb alternations (change-of-state and object-drop constructions in English, German and Italian, and Hebrew binyanim). The datasets comprise thousands of the Blackbird Language Matrices (BLMs) problems. The BLM task -- an RPM/ARC-like task devised specifically for language -- is a controlled linguistic puzzle where models must select the sentence that completes a pattern according to syntactic and semantic rules. We introduce three types of templates varying in complexity and apply linguistically-informed data augmentation strategies across synthetic and natural data. We provide simple baseline performance results across English, Italian, German, and Hebrew, that demonstrate the diagnostic usefulness of the datasets.

Abstract-only analysis — low confidence

All signals on this page are inferred from the abstract only and may be inaccurate. Do not use this page as a primary protocol reference.

  • This page is still relying on abstract and metadata signals, not a fuller protocol read.
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Should You Rely On This Paper?

Signal extraction is still processing. This page currently shows metadata-first guidance until structured protocol fields are ready.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A provisional background reference while structured extraction finishes.

Main weakness

This page is still relying on abstract and metadata signals, not a fuller protocol read.

Trust level

Provisional

Usefulness score

Unavailable

Eval-fit score is unavailable until extraction completes.

Human Feedback Signal

Not explicit in abstract metadata

Evaluation Signal

Weak / implicit signal

Usefulness for eval research

Provisional (processing)

Extraction confidence 0%

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here:

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What We Could Verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

provisional (inferred)

None explicit

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

"Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored."

Evaluation Modes

provisional (inferred)

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored."

Quality Controls

provisional (inferred)

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored."

Benchmarks / Datasets

provisional (inferred)

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored."

Reported Metrics

provisional (inferred)

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored."

Rater Population

provisional (inferred)

Unknown

Rater source not explicitly reported.

"Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored."

Human Feedback Details

This page is using abstract-level cues only right now. Treat the signals below as provisional.

  • Potential human-data signal: No explicit human-data keywords detected.
  • Potential benchmark anchors: No benchmark names detected in abstract.
  • Abstract highlights: 3 key sentence(s) extracted below.

Evaluation Details

Evaluation fields are inferred from the abstract only.

  • Potential evaluation modes: No explicit eval keywords detected.
  • Potential metric signals: No metric keywords detected.
  • Confidence: Provisional (metadata-only fallback).

Research Brief

Metadata summary

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key Takeaways

  • Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various sentence-based linguistic phenomena, yet their ability to capture cross-sentence paradigmatic patterns, such as verb alternations, remains underexplored.
  • In this work, we present curated paradigm-based datasets for four languages, designed to probe systematic cross-sentence knowledge of verb alternations (change-of-state and object-drop constructions in English, German and Italian, and Hebrew binyanim).
  • The datasets comprise thousands of the Blackbird Language Matrices (BLMs) problems.

Researcher Actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

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