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HFEPX · Eval paper review

Stateless Language Agents: Scaling Long-Horizon Automated Research

Qizheng Zhang, Changxiu Ji, Isaac Sun, Yuetai Li +14 more

Published

Oct 6, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

0/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

15% (Low)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Oct 6, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A secondary eval reference to pair with stronger protocol papers.

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Main weakness

This paper looks adjacent to evaluation work, but not like a strong protocol reference.

Human feedback signal
Not explicit
Not explicit in abstract metadata
Evaluation signal
Detected
Eval setup described
Usefulness for eval research
0/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Abstract

Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token consumption continues. Yet most evaluations use short budgets or benchmarks that saturate early, leaving these failure modes untested. We trace these failures to two choices: where research state lives and who decides what to try next. We introduce Stateless Language Agents (SLAs), built on the principle of stateful search with stateless agents: no agent carries its conversation across invocations; instead, the harness owns the research state (candidate solutions and measured outcomes) and reconstructs a fresh and role-specific context for every invocation. What each agent sees becomes an explicit design choice rather than a history that grows with the run. We implement this principle in the SLA framework, where a stateless Advisor reads harness-summarized evidence across search directions and assigns concrete experiments to parallel Workers. We evaluate SLA against three recent frameworks on software engineering, kernel optimization, and algorithm design at budgets of up to one billion tokens. SLA achieves the best final result on every task and reaches the strongest kernel baseline's final performance with over 84% fewer tokens. Ablations from shared checkpoints show that focused contexts and explicit assignments each contribute to SLA's progress, with effects that can compound over full runs, while the Advisor consumes less than 0.6% of tokens. These results argue for SLAs, which keep durable research state out of agent conversations, and show that short evaluation horizons can misjudge research systems and their components.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

missing

None explicit

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

"Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token consumption continues."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token consumption continues."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token consumption continues."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token consumption continues."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token consumption continues."

Benchmarks and datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
No
Feedback types
None
Rater population
Not reported
Expertise required
Coding
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
Long Horizon
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Low
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token consumption continues.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token consumption continues.
  • Yet most evaluations use short budgets or benchmarks that saturate early, leaving these failure modes untested.
  • We trace these failures to two choices: where research state lives and who decides what to try next.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended queries

Contribution summary

  • Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token…
  • We introduce Stateless Language Agents (SLAs), built on the principle of stateful search with stateless agents: no agent carries its conversation across invocations; instead, the harness owns the research state (candidate solutions and…
  • We evaluate SLA against three recent frameworks on software engineering, kernel optimization, and algorithm design at budgets of up to one billion tokens.

Why it matters for eval

  • Automated research systems increasingly run LLM agents over long horizons, but more inference does not by itself produce more progress: agents replay growing histories, duplicate one another's work, or stop experimenting while token…
  • We introduce Stateless Language Agents (SLAs), built on the principle of stateful search with stateless agents: no agent carries its conversation across invocations; instead, the harness owns the research state (candidate solutions and…

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    No explicit human feedback protocol detected.

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.