A Hierarchical Multi-Agent System for Autonomous Discovery in Geoscientific Data Archives

Dmitrii Pantiukhin, Ivan Kuznetsov, Boris Shapkin, Antonia Anna Jost, Thomas Jung, Nikolay Koldunov · Feb 24, 2026 · Citations: 0

Automatic Metrics Coding Long Horizon Multi Agent

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Abstract

The rapid accumulation of Earth science data has created a significant scalability challenge; while repositories like PANGAEA host vast collections of datasets, citation metrics indicate that a substantial portion remains underutilized, limiting data reusability. Here we present PANGAEA-GPT, a hierarchical multi-agent framework designed for autonomous data discovery and analysis. Unlike standard Large Language Model (LLM) wrappers, our architecture implements a centralized Supervisor-Worker topology with strict data-type-aware routing, sandboxed deterministic code execution, and self-correction via execution feedback, enabling agents to diagnose and resolve runtime errors. Through use-case scenarios spanning physical oceanography and ecology, we demonstrate the system's capacity to execute complex, multi-step workflows with minimal human intervention. This framework provides a methodology for querying and analyzing heterogeneous repository data through coordinated agent workflows.

Human Data Lens

Uses human feedback: No
Feedback types: None
Rater population: Unknown
Unit of annotation: Unknown
Expertise required: Coding

Evaluation Lens

Evaluation modes: Automatic Metrics
Agentic eval: Long Horizon, Multi Agent
Quality controls: Not reported
Confidence: 0.40
Flags: ambiguous

Research Summary

Contribution Summary

The rapid accumulation of Earth science data has created a significant scalability challenge; while repositories like PANGAEA host vast collections of datasets, citation metrics indicate that a substantial portion remains underutilized, lim
Here we present PANGAEA-GPT, a hierarchical multi-agent framework designed for autonomous data discovery and analysis.
Unlike standard Large Language Model (LLM) wrappers, our architecture implements a centralized Supervisor-Worker topology with strict data-type-aware routing, sandboxed deterministic code execution, and self-correction via execution feedbac

Why It Matters For Eval

Here we present PANGAEA-GPT, a hierarchical multi-agent framework designed for autonomous data discovery and analysis.
Unlike standard Large Language Model (LLM) wrappers, our architecture implements a centralized Supervisor-Worker topology with strict data-type-aware routing, sandboxed deterministic code execution, and self-correction via execution feedbac