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HFEPX · Eval paper review

Skill Issue: Are Skills Language-Invariant in LLMs?

Bobby Cheng, Adam Gaber, Zhengyuan Liu, Catherine Arnett +3 more

Published

Aug 26, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

0/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

25% (Low)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Aug 26, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

What to verify

Validate the evaluation procedure and quality controls in the full paper before operational use.

Main weakness

This paper looks adjacent to evaluation work, but not like a strong protocol reference.

Human feedback signal
Not explicit
Not explicit in abstract metadata
Evaluation signal
Weak or implicit
Validate from full paper
Usefulness for eval research
0/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Abstract

Large language models access knowledge inconsistently across languages, but to what extent do they differ in their skill sets when interacting with different languages? This work quantifies cross-lingual skill inconsistency orthogonally from knowledge and general benchmark performance. We do this via multilingual self-play: two instances of the same model compete in a text-based game, each interacting through a different language interface. Since the model, opponent, rules, state space, and available actions remain fixed, this setting isolates the effect of language on the model's realized behavior. We build a multilingual extension to TextArena and evaluate three open-weight models across eight languages and six games covering spatial reasoning, imperfect information, resource allocation, and repeated interaction. We find that the same model can exhibit markedly different playing strength across languages, with systematic variation in win--loss margins, invalid actions, and strategic tendencies. Detailed analyses reveal language-specific failures in spatial reasoning, card-conditioned decisions, and optimal move selection. In some settings, changing only the intermediate reasoning language recovers much of the lost performance, suggesting that language can affect different stages of the decision process. These results show that skill discrepancies are a measurable major roadblock in the development of truly multilingual models. Better understanding these discrepancies can help us design models that perform more equitably across languages.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

missing

None explicit

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

"Large language models access knowledge inconsistently across languages, but to what extent do they differ in their skill sets when interacting with different languages?"

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Large language models access knowledge inconsistently across languages, but to what extent do they differ in their skill sets when interacting with different languages?"

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Large language models access knowledge inconsistently across languages, but to what extent do they differ in their skill sets when interacting with different languages?"

Benchmarks / Datasets

partial

Textarena

Useful for quick benchmark comparison.

"We build a multilingual extension to TextArena and evaluate three open-weight models across eight languages and six games covering spatial reasoning, imperfect information, resource allocation, and repeated interaction."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Large language models access knowledge inconsistently across languages, but to what extent do they differ in their skill sets when interacting with different languages?"

Benchmarks and datasets

Textarena

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
No
Feedback types
None
Rater population
Not reported
Expertise required
Multilingual
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
None
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Low
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

Large language models access knowledge inconsistently across languages, but to what extent do they differ in their skill sets when interacting with different languages?

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Large language models access knowledge inconsistently across languages, but to what extent do they differ in their skill sets when interacting with different languages?
  • This work quantifies cross-lingual skill inconsistency orthogonally from knowledge and general benchmark performance.
  • We do this via multilingual self-play: two instances of the same model compete in a text-based game, each interacting through a different language interface.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended queries

Contribution summary

  • This work quantifies cross-lingual skill inconsistency orthogonally from knowledge and general benchmark performance.

Why it matters for eval

  • This work quantifies cross-lingual skill inconsistency orthogonally from knowledge and general benchmark performance.

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    No explicit human feedback protocol detected.

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    Detected: Textarena

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.