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HFEPX · Eval paper review

SWE-Residual: Evaluating Starting-State Robustness of Coding Agents

Jinze Li, Weijie Liu, Jinfeng Xu, Shuo Yang +5 more

Published

Oct 19, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

0/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

25% (Low)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Oct 19, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A secondary eval reference to pair with stronger protocol papers.

What to verify

Validate the evaluation procedure and quality controls in the full paper before operational use.

Main weakness

This paper looks adjacent to evaluation work, but not like a strong protocol reference.

Human feedback signal
Not explicit
Not explicit in abstract metadata
Evaluation signal
Detected
Eval setup described
Usefulness for eval research
0/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Abstract

Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests. These benchmarks almost always start the agent from a clean state that contains no earlier work on the task. In practice, however, agents often continue work that a developer or another agent has already done and reported as complete, with no indication of what remains incorrect or missing. We introduce SWE-Residual, a benchmark for Starting-State Robustness: the ability to maintain performance on a task when the starting state already contains earlier work on that task. SWE-Residual contains 198 Residual States drawn from 111 tasks in DeepSWE and Terminal-Bench, where the earlier work modifies a code repository or a whole machine environment. Each Residual State is the state a predecessor agent left behind after submitting its work as complete, although the hidden tests still fail. The evaluated agent receives only the original request and this state, without the predecessor's trajectory or any sign that the attempt failed; because the request and hidden tests are unchanged, the starting state is the only difference from the source benchmark. Across five frontier agents, success drops by 20.6--53.5 percentage points on DeepSWE and 20.6--34.9 points on Terminal-Bench relative to a Clean Start, and agent rankings on DeepSWE reverse. Failed continuations show a pattern we call acceptance bias: agents treat the inherited work as the definition of what remains to be done instead of checking it against the request. On DeepSWE, in 58.9--88.2% of failed runs, they submit with exactly the same tests failing, although they pass most of these tests from a Clean Start. SWE-Residual thus exposes a capability gap that clean-start evaluation does not capture.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

missing

None explicit

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

"Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests."

Benchmarks / Datasets

partial

Terminal Bench

Useful for quick benchmark comparison.

"SWE-Residual contains 198 Residual States drawn from 111 tasks in DeepSWE and Terminal-Bench, where the earlier work modifies a code repository or a whole machine environment."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests."

Benchmarks and datasets

Terminal-Bench

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
No
Feedback types
None
Rater population
Not reported
Unit of annotation
Ranking (inferred)
Expertise required
Coding
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
Long Horizon
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Low
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests.
  • These benchmarks almost always start the agent from a clean state that contains no earlier work on the task.
  • In practice, however, agents often continue work that a developer or another agent has already done and reported as complete, with no indication of what remains incorrect or missing.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Validate inferred eval signals (Simulation environment) against the full paper.
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended queries

Contribution summary

  • Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests.
  • These benchmarks almost always start the agent from a clean state that contains no earlier work on the task.
  • We introduce SWE-Residual, a benchmark for Starting-State Robustness: the ability to maintain performance on a task when the starting state already contains earlier work on that task.

Why it matters for eval

  • Software engineering (SWE) benchmarks are the primary way to measure the capabilities of coding agents: an agent is placed in a code repository or machine environment, given a request, and judged by hidden tests.
  • We introduce SWE-Residual, a benchmark for Starting-State Robustness: the ability to maintain performance on a task when the starting state already contains earlier work on that task.

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    No explicit human feedback protocol detected.

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    Detected: Terminal-Bench

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.