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HFEPX · Eval paper review

From Prompt Risk to Response Risk: Paired Analysis of Safety Behavior of Large Language Model

Mengya Hu, Qiong Wei, Sandeep Atluri

Published

Apr 28, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Provisional

Usefulness score

Unavailable

Extraction confidence

0% (Provisional)

Derived from abstract and metadata only.

Signals refreshed

May 4, 2026

Should you rely on this paper?

Signal extraction is still processing. This page currently shows metadata-first guidance until structured protocol fields are ready.

This page is a lightweight research summary built from the abstract and metadata while deeper extraction catches up.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

A provisional background reference while structured extraction finishes.

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Main weakness

This page is still relying on abstract and metadata signals, not a fuller protocol read.

Human feedback signal
Not explicit
Not explicit in abstract metadata
Evaluation signal
Weak or implicit
Validate from full paper
Usefulness for eval research
Unavailable
Provisional (processing)

Eval-fit score is unavailable until extraction completes.

Abstract

Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification. While useful, these can hide how risk changes between a user's input and the model's response. We present a paired, transition-based analysis over 1250 prompt-response records with human-provided labels over four harm categories (Hate, Sexual, Violence, Self-harm) and ordinal severity levels aligned with the Azure AI Content Safety taxonomy. 61% of responses de-escalate harm relative to the prompt, 36% preserve the same severity, and 3% escalate to higher harm. A per-category persistence/drift-up decomposition identifies Sexual content as 3x harder to de-escalate than Hate or Violence, driven by persistence on already-sexual prompts, not by newly introducing sexual harm from benign inputs. Jointly measuring response relevance reveals an empirical signature of the helpfulness-harmlessness tradeoff: all compliance-escalation cases (from non-zero prompts) are relevance-3 (high-quality, on-task content at elevated severity), while medium-severity responses show the lowest relevance (64%), driven by tangential elaborations in Violence and Sexual categories.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

provisional (inferred)

None explicit

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

"Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification."

Evaluation Modes

provisional (inferred)

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification."

Quality Controls

provisional (inferred)

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification."

Benchmarks / Datasets

provisional (inferred)

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification."

Reported Metrics

provisional (inferred)

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification."

Rater Population

provisional (inferred)

Unknown

Rater source not explicitly reported.

"Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification."

Human feedback details

This page is using abstract-level cues only right now. Treat the signals below as provisional.

  • Potential human-data signal: No explicit human-data keywords detected.
  • Potential benchmark anchors: No benchmark names detected in abstract.
  • Abstract highlights: 3 key sentence(s) extracted below.
Evaluation details

Evaluation fields are inferred from the abstract only.

  • Potential evaluation modes: No explicit eval keywords detected.
  • Potential metric signals: No metric keywords detected.
  • Confidence: Provisional (metadata-only fallback).

Research brief

Metadata summary

Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes such as attack success rate, refusal rate, or harmful/not-harmful response classification.
  • While useful, these can hide how risk changes between a user's input and the model's response.
  • We present a paired, transition-based analysis over 1250 prompt-response records with human-provided labels over four harm categories (Hate, Sexual, Violence, Self-harm) and ordinal severity levels aligned with the Azure AI Content Safety taxonomy.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

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