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HFEPX · Eval paper review

Evaluation Awareness Beyond English: Do LLMs Act Differently When Tested in Indic Languages?

Trizal Garg, Sibayan Mitra, Arya Karanjkar, Advait Singh +5 more

Published

Oct 15, 2026

Citations

0

Trust level

Low

Usefulness score

0/100 (Low)

Extraction confidence

15% (Low)

Derived from extracted protocol signals and abstract evidence.

Rater population

Not reported

Signals refreshed

Oct 15, 2026

Open arXiv Find implementation Shortlist (0) RSS feed

Should you rely on this paper?

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Use this as background context only. Do not make protocol decisions from this page alone.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

What to verify

Read the full paper before copying any benchmark, metric, or protocol choices.

Main weakness

This paper looks adjacent to evaluation work, but not like a strong protocol reference.

Human feedback signal
Not explicit
Not explicit in abstract metadata
Evaluation signal
Weak or implicit
Validate from full paper
Usefulness for eval research
0/100
Adjacent candidate

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here

Human Eval Papers LLM-as-Judge Papers Pairwise Preference Papers Tool-Use Evaluation Search

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) can often tell when they are being tested. This ability, known as evaluation awareness, can lead models to act more cautiously during safety evaluations than in real use. Existing work has studied evaluation awareness almost entirely in English, although models serve users in many languages. Indic languages are spoken by over a billion people, yet evaluation awareness remains almost entirely unstudied in them. We test four instruction-tuned models from three families in five Indic languages alongside English. A set of cues varies whether the model is told that it is monitored and whether the monitoring is a safety test. Models refuse harmful requests more often when they are told that they are being tested. This increase appears in all four models and all six languages. In Indic languages, refusal of harmful requests rises by 14.4 percentage points on average. The test cue also brings Indic refusal of harmful requests level with English, but raises refusal of benign Indic requests from 6.9% to 11.3%. We release all 47,880 judged responses to support further work. These results suggest that safety evaluations in Indic languages may not reflect how models treat their everyday users.

What we could verify

These are the protocol signals we could actually recover from the available paper metadata. Use them to decide whether this paper is worth deeper reading.

Human Feedback Types

missing

None explicit

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

"Large language models (LLMs) can often tell when they are being tested."

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Validate eval design from full paper text.

"Large language models (LLMs) can often tell when they are being tested."

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

No explicit QC controls found.

"Large language models (LLMs) can often tell when they are being tested."

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

No benchmark anchors detected.

"Large language models (LLMs) can often tell when they are being tested."

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

No metric anchors detected.

"Large language models (LLMs) can often tell when they are being tested."

Benchmarks and datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Human feedback details
Uses human feedback
No
Feedback types
None
Rater population
Not reported
Expertise required
General
Evaluation details
Evaluation modes
None
Agentic eval
None
Quality controls
Not reported
Evidence quality
Low
Use this page as
Background context only

Research brief

Metadata summary

Large language models (LLMs) can often tell when they are being tested.

Based on abstract + metadata only. Check the source paper before making high-confidence protocol decisions.

Key takeaways

  • Large language models (LLMs) can often tell when they are being tested.
  • This ability, known as evaluation awareness, can lead models to act more cautiously during safety evaluations than in real use.
  • Existing work has studied evaluation awareness almost entirely in English, although models serve users in many languages.

Researcher actions

  • Compare this paper against nearby papers in the same arXiv category before using it for protocol decisions.
  • Check the full text for explicit evaluation design choices (raters, protocol, and metrics).
  • Use related-paper links to find stronger protocol-specific references.

Caveats

  • Generated from abstract + metadata only; no PDF parsing.
  • Signals below are heuristic and may miss details reported outside the abstract.

Recommended queries

Contribution summary

  • This ability, known as evaluation awareness, can lead models to act more cautiously during safety evaluations than in real use.
  • Existing work has studied evaluation awareness almost entirely in English, although models serve users in many languages.
  • Indic languages are spoken by over a billion people, yet evaluation awareness remains almost entirely unstudied in them.

Why it matters for eval

  • This ability, known as evaluation awareness, can lead models to act more cautiously during safety evaluations than in real use.
  • Existing work has studied evaluation awareness almost entirely in English, although models serve users in many languages.

Researcher checklist

  • Human feedback protocol is explicit

    No explicit human feedback protocol detected.

  • Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.