Skip to content
← Back to explorer

OCR or Not? Rethinking Document Information Extraction in the MLLMs Era with Real-World Large-Scale Datasets

Jiyuan Shen, Peiyue Yuan, Atin Ghosh, Yifan Mai, Daniel Dahlmeier · Mar 3, 2026 · Citations: 0

Open arXiv Find Implementation RSS feed Shortlist (0)

Data freshness

Extraction: Fresh

Check recency before relying on this page for active eval decisions. Use stale pages as context and verify against current hub results.

Metadata refreshed

Mar 3, 2026, 9:26 AM

Recent

Extraction refreshed

Mar 8, 2026, 3:42 AM

Fresh

Extraction source

Persisted extraction

Confidence 0.15

Abstract

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhance the potential of natural language processing. However, their actual impact on document information extraction remains unclear. In particular, it is unclear whether an MLLM-only pipeline--while simpler--can truly match the performance of traditional OCR+MLLM setups. In this paper, we conduct a large-scale benchmarking study that evaluates various out-of-the-box MLLMs on business-document information extraction. To examine and explore failure modes, we propose an automated hierarchical error analysis framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) to diagnose error patterns systematically. Our findings suggest that OCR may not be necessary for powerful MLLMs, as image-only input can achieve comparable performance to OCR-enhanced approaches. Moreover, we demonstrate that carefully designed schema, exemplars, and instructions can further enhance MLLMs performance. We hope this work can offer practical guidance and valuable insight for advancing document information extraction.

Low-signal caution for protocol decisions

Use this page for context, then validate protocol choices against stronger HFEPX references before implementation decisions.

  • Extraction flags indicate low-signal or possible false-positive protocol mapping.
  • Extraction confidence is 0.15 (below strong-reference threshold).
  • No explicit evaluation mode was extracted from available metadata.
  • No benchmark/dataset or metric anchors were extracted.
Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub

HFEPX Relevance Assessment

This paper is adjacent to HFEPX scope and is best used for background context, not as a primary protocol reference.

Best use

Background context only

Use if you need

Background context only.

Main weakness

Extraction flags indicate low-signal or possible false-positive protocol mapping.

Trust level

Low

Eval-Fit Score

0/100 • Low

Treat as adjacent context, not a core eval-method reference.

Human Feedback Signal

Not explicit in abstract metadata

Evaluation Signal

Weak / implicit signal

HFEPX Fit

Adjacent candidate

Extraction confidence: Low

If you are doing eval pipeline work, start here:

Human Eval Hub LLM-as-Judge Hub Pairwise Preference Hub Tool-Use Eval Hub

Field Provenance & Confidence

Each key protocol field shows extraction state, confidence band, and data source so you can decide whether to trust it directly or validate from full text.

Human Feedback Types

missing

None explicit

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

No explicit feedback protocol extracted.

Evidence snippet: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhance the potential of natural language processing.

Evaluation Modes

missing

None explicit

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

Validate eval design from full paper text.

Evidence snippet: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhance the potential of natural language processing.

Quality Controls

missing

Not reported

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

No explicit QC controls found.

Evidence snippet: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhance the potential of natural language processing.

Benchmarks / Datasets

missing

Not extracted

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

No benchmark anchors detected.

Evidence snippet: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhance the potential of natural language processing.

Reported Metrics

missing

Not extracted

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

No metric anchors detected.

Evidence snippet: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhance the potential of natural language processing.

Rater Population

missing

Unknown

Confidence: Low Source: Persisted extraction missing

Rater source not explicitly reported.

Evidence snippet: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhance the potential of natural language processing.

Human Data Lens

  • Uses human feedback: No
  • Feedback types: None
  • Rater population: Unknown
  • Unit of annotation: Unknown
  • Expertise required: General
  • Extraction source: Persisted extraction

Evaluation Lens

  • Evaluation modes:
  • Agentic eval: None
  • Quality controls: Not reported
  • Confidence: 0.15
  • Flags: low_signal, possible_false_positive

Protocol And Measurement Signals

Benchmarks / Datasets

No benchmark or dataset names were extracted from the available abstract.

Reported Metrics

No metric terms were extracted from the available abstract.

Research Brief

Deterministic synthesis

In this paper, we conduct a large-scale benchmarking study that evaluates various out-of-the-box MLLMs on business-document information extraction. HFEPX protocol signal is limited in abstract-level metadata, so treat it as adjacent context. Updated from current HFEPX corpus.

Generated Mar 8, 2026, 3:42 AM · Grounded in abstract + metadata only

Key Takeaways

  • In this paper, we conduct a large-scale benchmarking study that evaluates various out-of-the-box MLLMs on business-document information extraction.
  • To examine and explore failure modes, we propose an automated hierarchical error analysis framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) to diagnose error patterns…

Researcher Actions

  • Treat this as method context, then pivot to protocol-specific HFEPX hubs.
  • Identify benchmark choices from full text before operationalizing conclusions.
  • Verify metric definitions before comparing against your eval pipeline.

Caveats

  • Generated from title, abstract, and extracted metadata only; full-paper implementation details are not parsed.
  • Low-signal flag detected: protocol relevance may be indirect.

Research Summary

Contribution Summary

  • In this paper, we conduct a large-scale benchmarking study that evaluates various out-of-the-box MLLMs on business-document information extraction.
  • To examine and explore failure modes, we propose an automated hierarchical error analysis framework that leverages large language models (LLMs) to diagnose error patterns systematically.
  • Moreover, we demonstrate that carefully designed schema, exemplars, and instructions can further enhance MLLMs performance.

Why It Matters For Eval

  • In this paper, we conduct a large-scale benchmarking study that evaluates various out-of-the-box MLLMs on business-document information extraction.

Researcher Checklist

  • Gap: Human feedback protocol is explicit

    No explicit human feedback protocol detected.

  • Gap: Evaluation mode is explicit

    No clear evaluation mode extracted.

  • Gap: Quality control reporting appears

    No calibration/adjudication/IAA control explicitly detected.

  • Gap: Benchmark or dataset anchors are present

    No benchmark/dataset anchor extracted from abstract.

  • Gap: Metric reporting is present

    No metric terms extracted.

Category-Adjacent Papers (Broader Context)

These papers are nearby in arXiv category and useful for broader context, but not necessarily protocol-matched to this paper.

Need human evaluators for your AI research? Scale annotation with expert AI Trainers.

Post a Job Get a Quote