Lyapunov Spectral Analysis of Speech Embedding Trajectories in Psychosis
Jelena Vasic, Branislav Andjelic, Ana Mancic, Dusica Filipovic Djurdjevic, Ljiljana Mihic, Aleksandar Kovacevic, Nadja P. Maric, Aleksandra Maluckov · Feb 18, 2026 · Citations: 0
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Abstract
We analyze speech embeddings from structured clinical interviews of psychotic patients and healthy controls by treating language production as a high-dimensional dynamical process. Lyapunov exponent (LE) spectra are computed from word-level and answer-level embeddings generated by two distinct large language models, allowing us to assess the stability of the conclusions with respect to different embedding presentations. Word-level embeddings exhibit uniformly contracting dynamics with no positive LE, while answer-level embeddings, in spite of the overall contraction, display a number of positive LEs and higher-dimensional attractors. The resulting LE spectra robustly separate psychotic from healthy speech, while differentiation within the psychotic group is not statistically significant overall, despite a tendency of the most severe cases to occupy distinct dynamical regimes. These findings indicate that nonlinear dynamical invariants of speech embeddings provide a physics-inspired probe of disordered cognition whose conclusions remain stable across embedding models.