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A focused feed for RLHF, preference data, rater protocols, agent evaluation, and LLM-as-judge research. Every paper includes structured metadata for quick triage.

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Confusion-Aware Rubric Optimization for LLM-based Automated Grading

Yucheng Chu, Hang Li, Kaiqi Yang, Yasemin Copur-Gencturk, Joseph Krajcik, Namsoo Shin · Feb 28, 2026

Citations: 0
Rubric Rating Automatic Metrics Medicine
  • Empirical evaluations on teacher education and STEM datasets demonstrate that CARO significantly outperforms existing SOTA methods.
When Metrics Disagree: Automatic Similarity vs. LLM-as-a-Judge for Clinical Dialogue Evaluation

Bian Sun, Zhenjian Wang, Orvill de la Torre, Zirui Wang · Feb 27, 2026

Citations: 0
Llm As JudgeAutomatic Metrics Medicine
  • This paper details the baseline model selection, fine-tuning process, evaluation methods, and the implications of deploying more accurate LLMs in healthcare settings.
  • The fine-tuned model demonstrated significant improvements across all key dimensions except GPT-4's evaluation.
The Trinity of Consistency as a Defining Principle for General World Models

Jingxuan Wei, Siyuan Li, Yuhang Xu, Zheng Sun, Junjie Jiang, Hexuan Jin · Feb 26, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon Law
  • To complement this conceptual framework, we introduce CoW-Bench, a benchmark centered on multi-frame reasoning and generation scenarios.
  • CoW-Bench evaluates both video generation models and UMMs under a unified evaluation protocol.
Modeling Expert AI Diagnostic Alignment via Immutable Inference Snapshots

Dimitrios P. Panagoulias, Evangelia-Aikaterini Tsichrintzi, Georgios Savvidis, Evridiki Tsoureli-Nikita · Feb 26, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics Medicine
  • Human-in-the-loop validation is essential in safety-critical clinical AI, yet the transition between initial model inference and expert correction is rarely analyzed as a structured signal.
  • Evaluation on 21 dermatological cases (21 complete AI physician pairs) em- ployed a four-level concordance framework comprising exact primary match rate (PMR), semantic similarity-adjusted rate (AMR), cross-category alignment, and…
Hierarchy-of-Groups Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon Agentic Tasks

Shuo He, Lang Feng, Qi Wei, Xin Cheng, Lei Feng, Bo An · Feb 26, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon Coding
  • Group-based reinforcement learning (RL), such as GRPO, has advanced the capabilities of large language models on long-horizon agentic tasks.
  • To address the issue, in this paper, we propose Hierarchy-of-Groups Policy Optimization (HGPO) for long-horizon agentic tasks.
Unleashing the Potential of Diffusion Models for End-to-End Autonomous Driving

Yinan Zheng, Tianyi Tan, Bin Huang, Enguang Liu, Ruiming Liang, Jianlin Zhang · Feb 26, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon General
  • However, their applications and evaluations in autonomous driving remain limited to simulation-based or laboratory settings.
  • Moreover, we also provide an effective reinforcement learning post-training strategy to further enhance the safety of the learned planner.
Citations: 0
Expert Verification Simulation Env Multi Agent Medicine
  • As mental health chatbots proliferate to address the global treatment gap, a critical question emerges: How do we design for relational safety the quality of interaction patterns that unfold across conversations rather than the correctness…
  • We introduce TherapyProbe, a design probe methodology that generates actionable design knowledge by systematically exploring chatbot conversation trajectories through adversarial multi-agent simulation.
Decomposing Physician Disagreement in HealthBench

Satya Borgohain, Roy Mariathas · Feb 26, 2026

Citations: 0
Rubric Rating Medicine
  • We decompose physician disagreement in the HealthBench medical AI evaluation dataset to understand where variance resides and what observable features can explain it.
  • The agreement ceiling in medical AI evaluation is thus largely structural, but the reducible/irreducible dissociation suggests that closing information gaps in evaluation scenarios could lower disagreement where inherent clinical ambiguity…
MEDSYN: Benchmarking Multi-EviDence SYNthesis in Complex Clinical Cases for Multimodal Large Language Models

Boqi Chen, Xudong Liu, Jiachuan Peng, Marianne Frey-Marti, Bang Zheng, Kyle Lam · Feb 25, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics MedicineCoding
  • Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in medical applications, yet existing benchmarks inadequately capture real-world clinical complexity.
  • We introduce MEDSYN, a multilingual, multimodal benchmark of highly complex clinical cases with up to 7 distinct visual clinical evidence (CE) types per case.
SurGo-R1: Benchmarking and Modeling Contextual Reasoning for Operative Zone in Surgical Video

Guanyi Qin, Xiaozhen Wang, Zhu Zhuo, Chang Han Low, Yuancan Xiao, Yibing Fu · Feb 25, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics MedicineCoding
  • Existing AI systems offer binary safety verification or static detection, ignoring the phase-dependent nature of intraoperative reasoning.
  • We introduce ResGo, a benchmark of laparoscopic frames annotated with Go Zone bounding boxes and clinician-authored rationales covering phase, exposure quality reasoning, next action and risk reminder.
Self-Correcting VLA: Online Action Refinement via Sparse World Imagination

Chenyv Liu, Wentao Tan, Lei Zhu, Fengling Li, Jingjing Li, Guoli Yang · Feb 25, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon Coding
  • Reinforcement learning enhances physical grounding through exploration yet typically relies on external reward signals that remain isolated from the agent's internal states.
  • Evaluations on challenging robot manipulation tasks from simulation benchmarks and real-world settings demonstrate that SC-VLA achieve state-of-the-art performance, yielding the highest task throughput with 16% fewer steps and a 9% higher s
ARLArena: A Unified Framework for Stable Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Xiaoxuan Wang, Han Zhang, Haixin Wang, Yidan Shi, Ruoyan Li, Kaiqiao Han · Feb 25, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon General
  • Agentic reinforcement learning (ARL) has rapidly gained attention as a promising paradigm for training agents to solve complex, multi-step interactive tasks.
  • Through this fine-grained analysis, we distill a unified perspective on ARL and propose SAMPO, a stable agentic policy optimization method designed to mitigate the dominant sources of instability in ARL.
LiLo-VLA: Compositional Long-Horizon Manipulation via Linked Object-Centric Policies

Yue Yang, Shuo Cheng, Yu Fang, Homanga Bharadhwaj, Mingyu Ding, Gedas Bertasius · Feb 25, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon General
  • We introduce a 21-task simulation benchmark consisting of two challenging suites: LIBERO-Long++ and Ultra-Long.
  • Furthermore, real-world evaluations across 8 long-horizon tasks demonstrate an average success rate of 85%.
SELAUR: Self Evolving LLM Agent via Uncertainty-aware Rewards

Dengjia Zhang, Xiaoou Liu, Lu Cheng, Yaqing Wang, Kenton Murray, Hua Wei · Feb 24, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Long Horizon General
  • Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as multi-step decision-making agents, where effective reward design is essential for guiding learning.
  • We introduce SELAUR: Self Evolving LLM Agent via Uncertainty-aware Rewards, a reinforcement learning framework that incorporates uncertainty directly into the reward design.
Cooperative-Competitive Team Play of Real-World Craft Robots

Rui Zhao, Xihui Li, Yizheng Zhang, Yuzhen Liu, Zhong Zhang, Yufeng Zhang · Feb 24, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Multi Agent General
  • Multi-agent deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has made significant progress in developing intelligent game-playing agents in recent years.
  • However, the efficient training of collective robots using multi-agent RL and the transfer of learned policies to real-world applications remain open research questions.
Architecting AgentOS: From Token-Level Context to Emergent System-Level Intelligence

ChengYou Li, XiaoDong Liu, XiangBao Meng, XinYu Zhao · Feb 24, 2026

Citations: 0
Simulation Env Multi Agent General
  • The paradigm of Large Language Models is undergoing a fundamental transition from static inference engines to dynamic autonomous cognitive systems.While current research primarily focuses on scaling context windows or optimizing prompt engi
An artificial intelligence framework for end-to-end rare disease phenotyping from clinical notes using large language models

Cathy Shyr, Yan Hu, Rory J. Tinker, Thomas A. Cassini, Kevin W. Byram, Rizwan Hamid · Feb 23, 2026

Citations: 0
Expert Verification Automatic Metrics Medicine
  • Existing artificial intelligence approaches typically optimize individual components of phenotyping but do not operationalize the full clinical workflow of extracting features from clinical text, standardizing them to Human Phenotype…
  • Using clinician-curated HPO terms as the gold standard, RARE-PHENIX consistently outperformed a state-of-the-art deep learning baseline (PhenoBERT) across ontology-based similarity and precision-recall-F1 metrics in end-to-end evaluation…

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