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Across multiple steering benchmarks, we show that SKOP achieves the best joint steering-utility trade-off, reducing utility degradation by 5-7x while retaining over 95% of vanilla steering efficacy.
To overcome these limitations, we present MANTRA, a framework for automatically synthesizing machine-checkable compliance benchmarks from natural-language manuals and tool schemas.
Safety benchmarks are routinely treated as evidence about how a language model will behave once deployed, but this inference is fragile if behavior depends on whether a prompt looks like an evaluation.
Paradoxically, we observe that tool-enabled evaluation can degrade reasoning performance even when the strong thinking models make almost no actual tool calls.
In contrast, fully unstructured teams enable adaptability and exploration but suffer from inefficiencies such as error propagation, inter-agent conflicts, and wasted resources (measured in time, tokens, or file operations).
Human label variation has been established as a central phenomenon in NLP: the perspectives different annotators have on the same item need to be embraced.
Laughter is a social non-vocalization that is universal across cultures and languages, and is crucial for human communication, including social bonding and communication signaling.
Agentic RAG extends this paradigm by replacing single-step retrieval with a multi-step process, in which the large language model (LLM) acts as a search agent that generates intermediate thoughts and subqueries to iteratively interact with…
In this paper, we introduce a new multi-genre benchmark (more than 1000 samples) for semantic segmentation in conversational Arabic, focusing on dialectal discourse.
Across three model families, six scales, and six math reasoning benchmarks, ReasonMaxxer matches or exceeds full RL performance while requiring only tens of problems and minutes of single-GPU training, a reduction in training cost of…
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Autoraters, also referred to as LLM-as-judges, are increasingly used for evaluation and automated content moderation.
While these rubrics can be edited to improve the individual accuracy of both human and automated scoring, this approach may result in disagreement between the two scores, or with the associated holistic judgment.
Experimental results based on real-world foreign trade scenarios demonstrate that, after integrating EvoAgent, GPT5.2 achieves significant improvements in professionalism, accuracy, and practical utility.
Under a five-dimensional LLM-as-Judge evaluation protocol, the overall average score increases by approximately 28%.
LLM evaluations drive which models get deployed, what safety standards get adopted, which research conclusions get published, and how projections of AI's labor-market impact get made.
Using Chatbot Arena data, we show naive 95\% CI coverage drops as n grows while TEE-corrected coverage holds at 95\%, and TEE-guided pipelines restrict the benchmark gaming surface from 56 to 32 Elo (K=27), below the human-leaderboard…
We propose RLearner-LLM with Hybrid-DPO: an automated preference pipeline that fuses a DeBERTa-v3 NLI signal with a verifier LLM score, removing human annotation while overcoming the "alignment tax" of single-signal optimization.
Our Qwen3-8B RLearner-LLM wins 95% of pairwise comparisons against its own SFT baseline; GPT-4o-mini in turn wins 95% against our concise output -- alongside the 69% win the same judge gives a verbose SFT over our DPO model, this replicates…
We propose an LLM-based evaluation framework for evaluating model-generated answers, enabling accurate evaluation across diverse mathematical representations and answer formats.
We present failure cases of symbolic evaluation in two popular frameworks, Lighteval and SimpleRL, and compare them to our approach, demonstrating clear improvements over commonly used methods.
Concept Fields provide a fast, lightweight, and interpretable signal for groundedness and novelty, complementary to LLM-as-judge and white-box detectors.
Richard A. A. Jonker, Alexander Christiansen, Alexandros Maniatis, Rúben Garrido, Rogério Braunschweiger de Freitas Lima, Roman Jurowetzki · May 5, 2026
Citations: 0
Match reason: Matches selected tags (Llm As Judge).
We evaluate on HotpotQA-RAG v3, a controlled multi-hop benchmark, under an artifact-aware protocol (shortcut baselines, counterfactual swaps, no-oracle checks, GPT-4o audits).
Calibrated SURE-RAG reaches 0.9075 Macro-F1 (0.8951 +/- 0.0069), substantially above DeBERTa mean-pooling (0.6516) and a GPT-4o judge (0.7284), while matching a strong but opaque concat cross-encoder (0.8888 +/- 0.0109) with full…
Emerging AI systems in behavioral health and psychiatry use multi-step or multi-agent LLM pipelines for tasks like assessing self-harm risk and screening for depression.
We present a statistical framework for multi-agent pipelines structured as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that provides an alternative to heuristic voting with principled, adaptive decision-making.
Pairwise PreferenceLlm As JudgeAutomatic MetricsGeneral
Long-term memory is essential for conversational agents to maintain coherence, track persistent tasks, and provide personalized interactions across extended dialogues.
Experiments on the LoCoMo benchmark show that HyperMem achieves state-of-the-art performance with 92.73% LLM-as-a-judge accuracy, demonstrating the effectiveness of HyperMem for long-term conversations.
Pairwise PreferenceRubric RatingLlm As JudgeMedicine
We present the first study of SPB in rubric-based evaluation, an increasingly popular benchmarking paradigm where judges issue binary verdicts on individual evaluation criteria, instead of assigning holistic scores or rankings.
Using IFEval, a benchmark with programmatically verifiable rubrics, we show that SPB persists even when evaluation criteria are entirely objective: among rubrics where generators fail, judges can be up to 50\% more likely to incorrectly…
Pairwise PreferenceLlm As JudgeAutomatic MetricsMedicineMultilingual
A board-certified radiologist and a radiology resident independently performed blinded pairwise evaluations across 4 criteria: terminology accuracy, readability, overall quality, and radiologist-style authenticity.
Radiologist 2 rated readability as equivalent in 75% of cases and favored the human-edited translation for overall quality (40% vs 21%).
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated evaluators (LLM-as-a-Judge).
Using a counterfactual design, we find that both humans and LLM judges assign higher trust to information labeled as human-authored than to the same content labeled as AI-generated.
When humans label subjective content, they disagree, and that disagreement is not noise.
Yet standard practice still flattens these judgments into a single majority label, and recent LLM-based approaches fare no better: we show that prompted large language models, even with chain-of-thought reasoning, fail to recover the…
Using both human annotations and large-scale LLM-as-a-judge evaluations across hundreds of thousands of generations from state-of-the-art models, we show that misinformation generation varies systematically based on the country being…
Propagation of lies by LLMs is substantially higher in many lower-resource languages and for countries with a lower Human Development Index (HDI).
As an initial study, we evaluate diverse LLMs under conclusion and summary prompting settings and score outputs with both reference-based metrics and LLM-as-a-judge.
We find that conclusion writing is behaviorally distinct from summary writing, strong models remain closely clustered under current automatic metrics, and judge identity can substantially shift absolute scores.
We present De Jure, a fully automated, domain-agnostic pipeline for extracting structured regulatory rules from raw documents, requiring no human annotation, domain-specific prompting, or annotated gold data.
In a downstream compliance question-answering evaluation via RAG, responses grounded in De Jure extracted rules are preferred over prior work in 73.8% of cases at single-rule retrieval depth, rising to 84.0% under broader retrieval,…
We introduce a weak supervision framework that combines three complementary grounding signals: substring matching, sentence embedding similarity, and an LLM as a judge verdict to label generated responses as grounded or hallucinated without…
Transformer-based probes achieve the strongest discrimination, with M2 performing best on 5-fold average AUC/F1, and M3 performing best on both single-fold validation and held-out test evaluation.
Although modern models generate textual interpretations of numerical signals, existing evaluation methods are limited: reference based similarity metrics and consistency checking models require ground truth explanations, while traditional…
To support this, we construct a synthetic benchmark of 350 time series cases across seven query types, each paired with correct, partially correct, and incorrect explanations.
We introduce a multi-category, cross-cultural benchmark for this task and evaluate VLMs using an LLM-as-Judge framework that measures semantic alignment with reference annotations.