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1. KYU Enterprise Co. Topology Analysis (10 MARKS) a) Identify TWO potential problems in the topology above (4 Marks) 1. Single Point of Failure: The Router Gateway serves as the only path between the network and the Internet. If this router fails, the entire enterprise loses external connectivity. 2. Layer 2 Loops: Multiple switches connected with redundant links - Without a loop-prevention protocol, these redundant paths can cause frames to circulate without a destination. b) Explain how ONE problem can lead to: (2 Marks) Using Layer 2 Loops as the example:  i. Broadcast storms: When a broadcast frame is sent, switches forward it out of all ports except the one it arrived on. In a loop, this frame is continuously repeated and retransmitted, eventually consuming all available bandwidth.  ii. MAC table instability: As the same frame reaches the switch from different redundant ports, the switch constantly updates its MAC address table with changing port associations, leading to flapping and delivery failure. c) Suggest TWO improvements to optimize the topology (4 Marks) 1. Implement Redundancy at the Gateway: Add a secondary redundant router to eliminate the single point of failure at the edge. 2. VLAN Segmentation: Divide the network into separate VLANs to reduce broadcast domains and improve security. 2. Loop Control & Network Stability a) STP Loop Prevention (4 Marks) 1. Electing a Root Bridge: One switch is chosen as the central point. 2. Selecting Root Ports: Non-root s